什么是NSNotificationCenter
NSNotificationCenter是一种通知调度机制,允许向注册的观察者广播信息。
一个消息可以被多个观察者接收,一个观察者也可以接收多个消息。
NSNotificationCenter只能在单个应用程序中传递通知;如果要将通知发布到其他进程或接收来自其他进程的通知,请使用NSDistributedNotificationCenter(注意只在macOS 10.0+可以使用,iOS中不可使用)。
NSNotificationCenter的使用详解
用前须知
通知三要素:通知名称(name,必填)、发送者(object,可选)和内容(userInfo,可选)。这个就像是发邮件一样,一定要指定邮件的主题(对应通知名称),否则是不让发送的。发送者和内容可以不指定。
API中也指明了name属性不能为nil。
API的使用
添加观察者,订阅通知
-
-(void)addObserver:(id)observer selector:(SEL)aSelector name:(nullable NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject; –(target方式)
当name为空时,表示任意名称的通知都订阅。
当object为空时,表示任意发送者都通知都订阅。
当name和object都为空时,表示订阅所有通知,含系统通知,可以通过此方法监听到所有系统通知。
当name和object都不为空时,表示只订阅指定通知名称和发送者都通知。
-
-(id )addObserverForName:(nullable NSNotificationName)name object:(nullable id)obj queue:(nullable NSOperationQueue *)queue usingBlock:(void (^)(NSNotification *note))block –(block方式)
发送通知
-
-(void)postNotification:(NSNotification *)notification;
创建NSNotification的正确姿势:
- +(instancetype)notificationWithName:(NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject;–(注意:name为必填)
- +(instancetype)notificationWithName:(NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)aUserInfo;–(注意:name为必填)
- -(instancetype)initWithName:(NSNotificationName)name object:(nullable id)object userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)userInfo; –(注意:name为必填)
-
-(void)postNotificationName:(NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject; –(注意:name为必填)
-
-(void)postNotificationName:(NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)aUserInfo;–(注意:name为必填)
删除观察者,取消订阅
-
-(void)removeObserver:(id)observer;
observer必填字段,表示取消当前观察者对象下的所有订阅。
-
-(void)removeObserver:(id)observer name:(nullable NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject;
observer必填字段,表示当前观察者对象。
name为空,表示任何名字的通知都取消订阅。
object为空,表示任意发送者的通知都取消订阅。
name和object都为空,等同于-(void)removeObserver:(id)observer,表示取消当前观察者对象中的所有订阅。
name和object都不为空,表示指定名称和发送者的通知都取消订阅。
NSNotificationCenter的注意事项
使用target方式添加的observer是否需要移除?
官方文档说明:
If your app targets iOS 9.0 and later or macOS 10.11 and later, you don’t need to unregister an observer in its dealloc method. Otherwise, you should call removeObserver:name:object: before observer or any object passed to this method is deallocated.
就是说iOS 9.0以后,不需要在dealloc method中移除observer了,否则需要在dealloc中调用removeObserver:name:object:方法移除。
使用block方式添加的observer的注意事项
block内不能强引用调用self,否则会产生内存泄漏
因为NSNotificationCenter持有block,而block持有observer(即当前ViewController),所以当前ViewController不能被释放。
需要手动移除,否则block一直在NSNotificationCenter中
官方文档说明:
The block is copied by the notification center and (the copy) held until the observer registration is removed.
也就是说,如果不手动移除的话,block就会一直存在。
验证方式:
操作步骤:
1、ViewControllerA push -> ViewControllerB
2、ViewControllerB pop -> ViewControllerA
3、ViewControllerA发送通知
ViewControllerB viewDidLoad方法中add observer:
self.testObserver = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:@"TestName" object:nil queue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] usingBlock:^(NSNotification * _Nonnull note) {
NSLog(@"note = %@", note);
}];
ViewControllerB dealloc方法中加入Log,观察ViewControllerB是否正常释放:
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
ViewControllerA 点击按钮发送通知:
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"TestName" object:nil];
测试结果是:ViewControllerB释放后,还能打印note,表示block没有被释放。
正确姿势:
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
self.testObserver = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:@"TestName" object:nil queue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] usingBlock:^(NSNotification * _Nonnull note) {
__strong typeof(weakSelf) self = weakSelf;
if (!self) return;
//TODO 写具体逻辑
}];
-(void)dealloc {
//一定要释放
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self.testObserver];
}
阅读源码
gnustep源码
www.gnustep.org/resources/d… 中下载GNUstep Base 1.26.0。 代码比较简单,配合以下核心数据结构图自行阅读即可。
nameless:哈希表,键为object,值为观察者集合(链表存储)。存储的是所有只有object的观察者信息。
name:哈希表,键为name,值为object的哈希表。存储name不能空的所有观察者信息。
wildcard:观察者集合。存储name和object都为空的观察者信息。
苹果源码
代码比较简单,自行阅读即可。
自己动手实现(参考苹果开源实现)
JBNotificationCenter.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
typedef NSString* JBNotificationName;
@interface JBNotification : NSObject
+ (instancetype)notificationWithName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject;
+ (instancetype)notificationWithName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject
userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)aUserInfo;
@end
@interface JBNotificationCenter : NSObject
@property (class, readonly, strong) JBNotificationCenter *defaultCenter;
/** 添加观察者 @param observer 观察者 @param aSelector 回调方法 @param aName 通知名称 @param anObject 通知关联对象 */
- (void)addObserver:(id)observer
selector:(SEL)aSelector
name:(nullable JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject;
/** 发送通知 @param notification 通知对象 */
- (void)postNotification:(JBNotification *)notification;
/** 发送通知 @param aName 通知名称 @param anObject 通知关联对象 */
- (void)postNotificationName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject;
/** 发送通知 @param aName 通知名称 @param anObject 通知关联对象 @param aUserInfo 参数 */
- (void)postNotificationName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject
userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)aUserInfo;
/** 删除观察者 @param observer 观察者 */
- (void)removeObserver:(id)observer;
/** 删除观察者 @param observer 观察者 @param aName 通知名称 @param anObject 通知关联对象 */
- (void)removeObserver:(id)observer
name:(nullable JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject;
/** 添加观察者 @param name 通知名称 @param obj 通知关联对象 @param queue 通知所属队列 @param block 回调 @return 担任操作观察者的隐藏对象 */
- (id <NSObject>)addObserverForName:(nullable NSNotificationName)name object:(nullable id)obj queue:(nullable NSOperationQueue *)queue usingBlock:(void (^)(JBNotification *note))block;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
JBNotificationCenter.m
#import "JBNotificationCenter.h"
@interface JBNotificationReceiver : NSObject
@property(nonatomic, weak) id observer; //观察者
@property(nonatomic, assign) SEL selector; //观察者回调选择器
@property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;//通知名称
@property(nonatomic, weak) id sender;//发送者
@end
@implementation JBNotificationReceiver
@end
@interface JBNotification ()
@property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic, strong) id object;
@property(nonatomic, strong) NSDictionary *userInfo;
@end
@implementation JBNotification
+ (instancetype)notificationWithName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject {
return [self notificationWithName:aName object:anObject userInfo:nil];
}
+ (instancetype)notificationWithName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject
userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)aUserInfo {
JBNotification *notification = [[JBNotification alloc] init];
notification.name = aName;
notification.object = anObject;
notification.userInfo = aUserInfo;
return notification;
}
- (NSString *)description {
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %p {name = %@; object = %@}",self.class,self, self.name, self.object];
}
@end
typedef void (^JBNotificationBlock)(JBNotification *note);
@interface JBBlockNotificationObserver : NSObject
@property(nonatomic, weak) NSOperationQueue *queue;
@property(nonatomic, copy) JBNotificationBlock block;
- (id) initWithQueue: (NSOperationQueue *)queue block: (JBNotificationBlock)block;
@end
@implementation JBBlockNotificationObserver
- (id) initWithQueue: (NSOperationQueue *)queue block: (JBNotificationBlock)block {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.queue = queue;
self.block = block;
}
return self;
}
- (void) didReceiveNotification: (JBNotification *)note {
if (self.queue && self.queue != NSOperationQueue.currentQueue) {
[self.queue addOperationWithBlock:^{ self.block(note); }];
[self.queue waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished];
} else {
self.block(note);
}
}
@end
@interface JBNotificationCenter ()
@property(nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray<JBNotificationReceiver *> *observers;
@property(nonatomic, strong) NSLock *observerLock;
@end
@implementation JBNotificationCenter
+ (instancetype)defaultCenter {
static id instance = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
instance = [[self alloc] init];
});
return instance;
}
- (instancetype)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.observers = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:0];
self.observerLock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
}
return self;
}
/**
添加观察者
@param observer 观察者
@param aSelector 回调方法
@param name 通知名称
@param object 通知关联对象
*/
- (void)addObserver:(id)observer
selector:(SEL)aSelector
name:(nullable JBNotificationName)name
object:(nullable id)object {
//参数的校验
if (observer == nil)
[NSException raise: NSInvalidArgumentException format: @"Nil observer passed to addObserver ..."];
if (aSelector == 0)
[NSException raise: NSInvalidArgumentException format: @"Null selector passed to addObserver ..."];
if ([observer respondsToSelector: aSelector] == NO){
[NSException raise: NSInvalidArgumentException format: @"[%@-%@] Observer '%@' does not respond to selector '%@'",
NSStringFromClass([self class]), NSStringFromSelector(_cmd),
observer, NSStringFromSelector(aSelector)];
}
[self.observerLock lock];
JBNotificationReceiver *notificationReceiver = [[JBNotificationReceiver alloc] init];
notificationReceiver.observer = observer;
notificationReceiver.selector = aSelector;
notificationReceiver.name = name;
notificationReceiver.sender = object;
[self.observers addObject:notificationReceiver];
[self.observerLock unlock];
}
/**
添加观察者
@param name 通知名称
@param object 通知关联对象
@param queue 通知所属队列
@param block 回调
@return 担任操作观察者的隐藏对象
*/
- (id <NSObject>)addObserverForName:(nullable NSNotificationName)name object:(nullable id)object queue:(nullable NSOperationQueue *)queue usingBlock:(void (^)(JBNotification *note))block {
[self.observerLock lock];
JBNotificationReceiver *notificationReceiver = [[JBNotificationReceiver alloc] init];
JBBlockNotificationObserver *observer = [[JBBlockNotificationObserver alloc] initWithQueue:queue block:block];
notificationReceiver.observer = observer;
notificationReceiver.selector = @selector(didReceiveNotification:);
notificationReceiver.name = name;
notificationReceiver.sender = object;
[self.observers addObject:notificationReceiver];
[self.observerLock unlock];
return observer;
}
/**
发送通知
@param name 通知名称
@param object 通知关联对象
*/
- (void)postNotificationName:(JBNotificationName)name object:(nullable id)object {
[self postNotificationName:name object:object userInfo:nil];
}
/**
发送通知
@param name 通知名称
@param object 通知关联对象
@param userInfo 参数
*/
- (void)postNotificationName:(JBNotificationName)name
object:(nullable id)object
userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)userInfo {
JBNotification *notification = [JBNotification notificationWithName:name object:object userInfo:userInfo];
[self postNotification:notification];
}
/**
发送通知
@param notification 通知对象
*/
- (void)postNotification:(JBNotification *)notification {
//查找符合条件的observer
[self.observerLock lock];
NSMutableArray<JBNotificationReceiver *> *sendTo = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (JBNotificationReceiver *receiver in self.observers) {
if ((receiver.name == nil || [receiver.name isEqualToString:notification.name])
&&(receiver.sender == nil || [receiver.sender isEqual:notification.object])) {
[sendTo addObject:receiver];
}
}
[self.observerLock unlock];
NSMutableArray<JBNotificationReceiver *> *delete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (JBNotificationReceiver *receiver in sendTo) {
if (receiver.observer) {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
[receiver.observer performSelector:receiver.selector withObject:notification];
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
} else {
[delete addObject:receiver];
}
}
[self.observerLock lock];
[self.observers removeObjectsInArray:delete];
[self.observerLock unlock];
}
/**
删除观察者
@param observer 观察者
*/
- (void)removeObserver:(id)observer {
[self removeObserver:observer name:nil object:nil];
}
/**
删除观察者
@param observer 观察者
@param name 通知名称
@param object 通知关联对象
*/
- (void)removeObserver:(id)observer
name:(nullable JBNotificationName)name
object:(nullable id)object {
[self.observerLock lock];
NSMutableArray<JBNotificationReceiver *> *keep = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (JBNotificationReceiver *receiver in self.observers) {
//通知对象不一样,留下
if (receiver.observer != nil && receiver.observer != observer) {
[keep addObject:receiver];
continue;
}
//通知对象一样的情况下,当前名称不为空,且名称不一样,留下
if (name != nil && ![name isEqualToString:receiver.name]) {
[keep addObject:receiver];
continue;
}
//通知名称一样的情况下,当前sender不为空,且发送者不一样,留下
if (object != nil && receiver.observer != object) {
[keep addObject:receiver];
}
}
self.observers = keep;
[self.observerLock unlock];
}
@end
今天的文章NSNotificationCenter的使用指南及自实现分享到此就结束了,感谢您的阅读。
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