前言
Java定时发送请求,获取响应结果,这是一个常见操作。为此封装一个Java类,做发送GET/POST请求,然后解析返回参数。
需要代理发送的小伙伴可以看这篇文章↓↓↓
java/HttpClient:get、post 设置代理(java.net.UnknownHostException)非连接池式
注1:工具类0,1为代码少,2为设置请求头发送,3为2的补充,工具类都可发送Get、Post
注2:如频繁使用Http请求(多线程)建议使用连接池发送 java:HTTP连接池,设置代理
注3:发送链接一定要加协议头http/https ClientProtocolException报错
工具类0(推荐)
直接复制粘贴即可,代码少
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class HttpClientUtil {
/** * 发送get请求 * * @param url 请求URL * @param param 请求参数 key:value url携带参数 或者无参可不填 * @return */
public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String resultString = "";
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 创建uri
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (param != null) {
for (String key : param.keySet()) {
builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
}
}
URI uri = builder.build();
// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
// 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
/** * 无参数get请求 * @param url * @return */
public static String doGet(String url) {
return doGet(url, null);
}
/** * 发送post请求 * * @param url 请求URL * @param param 请求参数 key:value * @return */
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 创建参数列表
if (param != null) {
List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
for (String key : param.keySet()) {
paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));
}
// 模拟表单
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
// 执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
/** * 发送post 请求 * * @param url 请求地址 * @param json 请求参数 * @return */
public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 创建请求内容
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
// 执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
}
工具类1(推荐)
直接复制粘贴即可,最少代码,工具类23代码繁杂
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
/** * @Author ZhangLe * @Date 2020/11/25 12:33 */
public class HttpsClient {
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
private HttpGet httpGet;
public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "Content-Type";
/** * 发送get请求 * @param url 发送链接 拼接参数 http://localhost:8090/order?a=1 * @return * @throws IOException */
public String sendGet(String url) throws IOException {
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
String resp;
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
resp = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} finally {
response.close();
}
LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass()).info(" resp:{}", resp);
return resp;
}
/** * 创建发送post实体 * @param charset 消息编码 * @param contentType 消息体内容类型, HttpsClient.CONTENT_TYPE 调用传默认值 * @param url 请求地址 * @param data 发送数据 * @return * @throws IOException */
public String sendPost(String charset, String contentType, String url,String data) throws Exception {
HttpClient httpclient = com.picc.wechat.HttpsClient.getInstance();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, contentType);
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(data, charset));
CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) httpclient.execute(httpPost);
String resp = null;
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
resp = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charset);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} finally {
response.close();
}
LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass()).info("call [{}], param:{}, resp:{}", url, data, resp);
return resp;
}
}
工具类2(不推荐)
设置请求头
参考原作者文章
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class SendPostUtil {
/** * 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求 */
public static String sendGet(String url, String param, Map<String, String> header) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {
String result = "";
BufferedReader in = null;
String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
// 打开和URL之间的连接
URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
//设置超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
connection.setReadTimeout(15000);
// 设置通用的请求属性
if (header!=null) {
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> it =header.entrySet().iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Map.Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+entry.getValue());
connection.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent","Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
// 建立实际的连接
connection.connect();
// 获取所有响应头字段
Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();
// 遍历所有的响应头字段
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
}
// 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应,设置utf8防止中文乱码
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
result += line;
}
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
return result;
}
/** * 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求 */
public static String sendPost(String url, String param, Map<String, String> header) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
String result = "";
URL realUrl = new URL(url);
// 打开和URL之间的连接
URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
//设置超时时间
conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);
conn.setReadTimeout(30000);
// 设置通用的请求属性
if (header!=null) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : header.entrySet()) {
conn.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
// 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
// 发送请求参数
out.print(param);
// flush输出流的缓冲
out.flush();
// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), "utf8"));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
result += line;
}
if(out!=null){
out.close();
}
if(in!=null){
in.close();
}
return result;
}
}
工具类2调用
此工具类只做知识了解,知道需要配置的东西即可
@Scheduled(cron = "0 0/1 0/1 * * ? ")
public void scheduleSynchronizationAuthAccount(){
//post请求
String str = "http://test1.huaxing.com/oauth/token?client_id=58dbe06586975980379d33b0fe23c55ce07545f935c10cb95a3805a422ea6e91&client_secret=b5e59e55878776724673d78ba35cd23bba2462f7da88c2fa1471b2a5f6da5f7c&grant_type=client_credentials";
// authOrganizationsController.synchronizationAuthAccount(str);
try {
//发送POST
String tokenstr = SendPostUtil.sendPost(str, null, null);
System.out.println("tokenstr"+tokenstr);
//解析POST返回参数
JSONObject parse = (JSONObject)JSONObject.parse(tokenstr);
//获取TOKEN
String access_token = parse.getString("access_token");
System.out.println(access_token);
//设置请求头
HashMap<String, String > stringSendGetUtilHashMap = new HashMap<>();
stringSendGetUtilHashMap.put("Authorization","Bearer "+access_token);
String access_token1 = "Bearer "+ access_token;
//人员
//发送GET请求
String getUser="http://test1.huaxing.com/api/get_users";
//发送GET请求
String getback = SendPostUtil.sendGet(getUser,null, stringSendGetUtilHashMap);
//解析返回参数
JSONObject parse2 = (JSONObject)JSONObject.parse(getback);
String userdata = parse2.getString("user_data");
System.out.println(userdata);
System.out.println("------------------------------我是华丽的分割线------------------------------");
//部门
//发送GET请求
String getTeam = "http://test1.huaxing.com/api/get_teams";
//发送GET请求
String getback2 = SendPostUtil.sendGet(getTeam, null, stringSendGetUtilHashMap);
JSONObject parse3 = (JSONObject)JSONObject.parse(getback2);
//解析返回参数
String teamdata = parse3.getString("team_data");
System.out.println(teamdata);
JSONArray userArray = JSONArray.fromObject(userdata);
List<AuthEmployeesJson> authEmployeesJsonList = (List<AuthEmployeesJson>) JSONArray.toCollection(userArray,AuthEmployeesJson.class);
List<AuthEmployees> authEmployeesList = new ArrayList<>();
for (AuthEmployeesJson authEmployeesJson : authEmployeesJsonList) {
AuthEmployees authEmployees = new AuthEmployees();
authEmployees.setId(authEmployeesJson.getId()+"");
authEmployees.setEmployeeCode(authEmployeesJson.getHr_id()+"");
authEmployees.setEmployeeName(authEmployeesJson.getName());
authEmployees.setEnglishName(authEmployeesJson.getEn_name());
authEmployees.setEmail(authEmployeesJson.getEmail());
authEmployees.setOrganizationCode(authEmployeesJson.getTeam_id()+"");
authEmployees.setManageNumber(authEmployeesJson.getId()+"");
authEmployeesList.add(authEmployees);
}
sw.buildQuery()
.doBatchInsert(authEmployeesList);
System.out.println("添加成功");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
注:发送工具类2POST请求不好使时,使用工具类3
工具类3(不推荐)
此工具类只做知识了解
参考
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
/** * @Author: zhangle * @Date: 2019/6/25 14:08 * @Version 1.0 */
public class URLConnection {
/** * post请求封装 参数为?a=1&b=2&c=3 * @param path 接口地址 * @param Info 参数 * @return * @throws IOException */
public static JSONObject postResponse(String path,String Info) throws IOException{
//1, 得到URL对象
URL url = new URL(path);
//2, 打开连接
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//3, 设置提交类型
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
//4, 设置允许写出数据,默认是不允许 false
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);//当前的连接可以从服务器读取内容, 默认是true
//5, 获取向服务器写出数据的流
OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
//参数是键值队 , 不以"?"开始
os.write(Info.getBytes());
//os.write("googleTokenKey=&username=admin&password=5df5c29ae86331e1b5b526ad90d767e4".getBytes());
os.flush();
//6, 获取响应的数据
//得到服务器写回的响应数据
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(),"utf-8"));
String str = br.readLine();
JSONObject json = JSONObject.parseObject(str);
System.out.println("响应内容为: " + json);
return json;
}
/** * post请求封装 参数为{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3} * @param path 接口地址 * @param Info 参数 * @return * @throws IOException */
public static JSONObject postResponse(String path,JSONObject Info) throws IOException{
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(path);
post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
post.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic YWRtaW46");
String result = "";
try {
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(Info.toString(), "utf-8");
s.setContentEncoding(new BasicHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE,"application/json"));
post.setEntity(s);
// 发送请求
HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(post);
// 获取响应输入流
InputStream inStream = httpResponse.getEntity().getContent();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream, "utf-8"));
StringBuilder strber = new StringBuilder();
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
strber.append(line + "\n");
inStream.close();
result = strber.toString();
System.out.println(result);
if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
System.out.println("请求服务器成功,做相应处理");
} else {
System.out.println("请求服务端失败");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("请求异常");
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return JSONObject.parseObject(result);
}
}
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