yum什么命令（yum 命令）

yum命令

检查更新

查看系统上已安装的程序包有哪些可用更新

yum check-update

~]# yum check-update

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

GeoIP.x86_64 1.5.0-14.el7 base

NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.4-3.el7 base

NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.4-3.el7 base

NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.4-3.el7 base

NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.18.4-3.el7 base

acl.x86_64 2.2.51-15.el7 base

alsa-lib.x86_64 1.1.8-1.el7 base

...

GeoIP - 包的名称

x86_64 - 构建包的CPU架构

1.5.0 - 要安装的更新包的版本

base - 更新的程序包所在的存储库

更新程序包

我们可以一次更新一个、多个或所有程序包，更新时此程序包所有依赖的程序包也会进行更新。

更新单个程序包

yum update package_name

示例：更新bash程序包

~]# yum update bash

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-31.el7 will be updated

---> Package bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-34.el7 will be an update

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

=========================================================================================

Updating:

bash x86_64 4.2.46-34.el7 base 1.0 M

Transaction Summary

=========================================================================================

Upgrade 1 Package

Total download size: 1.0 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]:

Loaded plugins - 显示Yum所有的插件

bash.x86_64 - 表示所要安装的更新包

yum默认情况下以交互方式运行

y 选项，表示同意安装更新

d 选项，yum会立即下载程序包而不安装它们。我们可以使用 yum localinstall 来安装这些程序包，不过此命令已经废弃，可直接使用 yum install 来安装。

下载的程序包默认保存在为 /var/cache/yum/basearch/releasever/packages/

N 取消安装更新

更新所有程序包及其依赖的程序包

yum update

更新与安全相关的包

如果程序包具有可用的安全更新，则只能将这些程序包更新为其最新版本。

yum update --security

查找程序包

yum search package_name

~]# yum search zsh

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

=================== N/S matched: zsh ==========================

autojump-zsh.noarch : Autojump for zsh

zsh-html.x86_64 : Zsh shell manual in html format

zsh.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell

zsh-lovers.noarch : A collection of tips, tricks and examples for the Z shell

Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

默认情况下，yum search返回匹配的程序包的名称和摘要信息。

列出程序包

列出系统上所有已经安装和可用的程序包

yum list all

~]# yum list all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Installed Packages

GeoIP.x86_64 1.5.0-11.el7 @CentOS7-base

NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.10.2-13.el7 @CentOS7-base

accountsservice.x86_64 0.6.45-7.el7 CentOS7-base

accountsservice-devel.i686 0.6.45-7.el7 CentOS7-base

......

如果程序包已经安装，在其对应的yum仓库名称前会有一个 @CentOS7-base 标志，如果没有安装，则没有任何标志CentOS7-base。

列出系统上已经安装的所有程序包，输出内容最右侧表示程序包所在的yum仓库。

yum list installed

~]# yum list installed

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Installed Packages

GeoIP.x86_64 1.5.0-11.el7 @CentOS7-base

NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.10.2-13.el7 @CentOS7-base

列出所有已启用存储库中的所有可用的程序包

yum list available

~]# yum list available

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Available Packages

0ad.x86_64 0.0.22-1.el7 fedora-epel-7

0ad-data.noarch 0.0.22-1.el7 fedora-epel-7

0install.x86_64 2.11-1.el7 fedora-epel-7

列出所有程序包组

yum grouplist

[root@node1 ~]# yum groups list

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

There is no installed groups file.

Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Available Environment Groups:

Minimal Install

Compute Node

Infrastructure Server

File and Print Server

Basic Web Server

Virtualization Host

Server with GUI

GNOME Desktop

KDE Plasma Workspaces

Development and Creative Workstation

Available Groups:

Compatibility Libraries

Console Internet Tools

Development Tools

Graphical Administration Tools

Legacy UNIX Compatibility

Scientific Support

Security Tools

Smart Card Support

System Administration Tools

System Management

Done

列出所有程序包组的组ID

[root@node1 ~]# yum grouplist ids

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

There is no installed groups file.

Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Available Environment Groups:

Minimal Install (minimal)

Compute Node (compute-node-environment)

Infrastructure Server (infrastructure-server-environment)

File and Print Server (file-print-server-environment)

Basic Web Server (web-server-environment)

Virtualization Host (virtualization-host-environment)

Server with GUI (graphical-server-environment)

GNOME Desktop (gnome-desktop-environment)

KDE Plasma Workspaces (kde-desktop-environment)

Development and Creative Workstation (developer-workstation-environment)

Available Groups:

Compatibility Libraries (compat-libraries)

Console Internet Tools (console-internet)

Development Tools (development)

Graphical Administration Tools (graphical-admin-tools)

Legacy UNIX Compatibility (legacy-unix)

Scientific Support (scientific)

Security Tools (security-tools)

Smart Card Support (smart-card)

System Administration Tools (system-admin-tools)

System Management (system-management)

Done

列出所有的程序包的组ID及隐藏的ID

[root@node1 ~]# yum grouplist hidden ids

安装程序包组

安装程序包组有四种方法

yum group install "group name"

yum group install groupid

yum install @group

yum install @^group

以上四种方法是等价的，哪种简单用哪种。

示例：以Development Tools为例，显示四种安装方法

~]# yum group install "Development Tools"

~]# yum group install development

~]# yum install @"Development Tools"

~]# yum install @development

个人喜欢第四种，因为可以少打字。

卸载程序包组

yum group remove "group name"

yum group remove groupid

yum remove @group

yum remove @^group

示例：以Development Tools为例，显示四种卸载程序包组的方法

~]# yum group remove "Development Tools"

~]# yum group remove development

~]# yum remove @"Development Tools"

~]# yum remove @development

查看程序包信息

查看一个或多个程序包的信息

~]#yum info package_name1 [package_name2] [...]

示例：查看httpd程序包的信息。

~]# yum info httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Installed Packages

Name : httpd

Arch : x86_64

Version : 2.4.6

Release : 80.el7.centos

Size : 9.4 M

Repo : installed

From repo : CentOS7-base

Summary : Apache HTTP Server

URL : http://httpd.apache.org/

License : ASL 2.0

Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful,

: efficient, and extensible web server.

安装程序包

安装程序包时 yum命令会自动解决依赖关系，将程序包及其所有未安装的依赖的程序包都安装。

安装单个程序包

~]# yum install package_name

安装多个程序包

安装多个程序包时，可以将多个程序包名以空格分隔来安装。

~]# yum install package_name1 [package_name2] [...]

默认安装程序包的最新版本，安装旧版本时需要指定版本号。

示例：同时安装多个程序包。

~]# yum install httpd mysql

当我们只是知道要安装的二进制文件的名称，而不知道其程序包名称，则可以为 yum install 提供路径名称。

~]# yum install /usr/bin/passwd

这时yum会搜索包列表，检索哪个包提供了/usr/bin/passwd，如果有的话就会提供我们安装。

查看指定的文件是由哪个程序包提供

yum provides “filename”

当我们只是知道一个命令，如ls，但不确定其到底安装在/bin目录还是/sbin/目录中，以及ls命令是由哪个程序包安装，我们可以使用 yum provides 命令。

# yum provides "*bin/ls"

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

coreutils-8.22-21.el7.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools

commonly used in shell scripts

Repo: CentOS7-base

Matched from:

Filename: /bin/ls

Filename: /usr/bin/ls

coreutils-8.22-21.el7.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools

commonly used in shell scripts

Repo: @CentOS7-base

Matched from:

Filename: /bin/ls

Filename: /usr/bin/ls

重新安装程序包

~]# yum reinstall httpd

卸载程序包

要卸载特定程序包以及依赖于它的任何程序包

yum remove package_name...

示例：卸载httpd程序包

~]# yum remove httpd

卸载多个程序包

~]# yum remove package_name1 [package_name2] [...]

列出yum仓库

列出系统上每个已启用仓库的仓库ID，名称和程序包数量。

~]# yum repolist

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

repo id repo name status

CentOS7-base CentOS7-base 9,911

docker-ce-7 docker-ce-7 156

fedora-epel-7 fedora-epel-7 12,661

yum repolist 只显示状态为enabled的仓库信息。使用 yum repoinfo命令列出仓库的更多信息，不过此命令在CentOS6系统上不可用。

列出已经启用和禁用的仓库

yum repolist all

~]# yum repolist all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

repo id repo name status

C7.0.1406-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base disabled

CentOS7-base CentOS7-base enabled: 9,911

fedora-epel-7 fedora-epel-7 enabled: 12,661

最右侧输出的状态列 status 列出了相关仓库的启用和禁用状态。

添加Yum仓库

一般我们为方便管理都会在 /etc/yum.repos.d/目录中添加文件后缀为.repo的文件，而不是在/etc/yum.conf文件中添加。

互联网上的Yum仓库通常提供自己的.repo文件，我们只需要使用以下命令添加即可。

yum-config-manager --add-repo repository_url

其中repository_url是.repo文件的链接。

示例：给当前系统添加网易的CentOS源。

~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

启用Yum仓库

yum-config-manager --enable repositoryID

repositoryID是仓库的唯一ID（使用 yum repolist all 列出可用的存储库ID）

启用所有存储库

~]# yum-config-manager --enable *

禁用Yum仓库

yum-config-manager --disable repositoryID

repositoryID是仓库的唯一ID（使用 yum repolist all 列出可用的存储库ID）

禁用所有存储库

~] yum-config-manager --disable *

添加Yum仓库遇到的问题

[root@node1 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

adding repo from: https://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

grabbing file https://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

Could not fetch/save url https://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo to file /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo: [Errno 14] curl#60 - "Peer's Certificate has expired."

出现问题的原因是当前系统的时间与yum源的时间不一致导致。

解决办法：

[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install ntp

[root@node1 ~]# ntpdate time.windows.com

更新与安全相关的包

列出所有与安全相关的更新

yum --security check-update

如果程序包具有可用的安全更新，则将这些程序包更新为最新版本

yum --security update

只安装最安全的安全更新，忽略所有可能包含不安全新功能的包

yum --security update-minimal

以上内容转自网络

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yum什么命令（yum 命令）

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