(已验证)

sudo apt-get install build-essential kernel-package libncurses5-dev fakeroot

ubuntu 20.0还需要安装sudo apt-get install bison
sudo apt-get install flex
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

$ apt-cache search linux-source
#apt search linux-source
linux-source - Linux kernel source with Ubuntu patches
linux-source-3.2.0 - Linux kernel source for version 3.2.0 with Ubuntu patches
linux-source-4.2.0 - Linux kernel source for version 4.2.0 with Ubuntu patches
/
root@www-Vostro-2420:/home/www/work# apt search linux-source
正在排序… 完成
全文搜索… 完成
linux-source/未知,未知 4.2.0.42.45 all
Linux kernel source with Ubuntu patches

2.下载源码
#apt install linux-source-3.2.0
下载完成后，在/usr/src目录中，可以看到压缩包
$ ls
linux-source-3.2.0
linux-source-3.2.0.tar.bz2
/

解压内核源码包：进入 /usr/src/ 目录，能找到 linux-source-3.13.0.tar.bz2 文件，用解压命令 sudo tar xjvf linux-source-3.13.0.tar.bz2 解压。要注意上面目录下的 linux-source-3.13.0.tar.bz2 文件并不是软件压缩包文件，而是一个软链接，不能直接使用 tar 进行解压。//
3.编译
$ sudo tar -xjvf linux-source-2.6.35.tar.bz2

进入 linux-source-3.13.0 文件夹，发现真正的 tar 源码压缩包，解压
配置内核
root@www-Vostro-2420:/usr/src/linux-source-3.2.0# ls arch/x86/configs/

i386_defconfig x86_64_defconfig

root@www-Vostro-2420:/usr/src/linux-source-3.2.0# make x86_64_defconfig

$ sudo make menuconfig
缺少ncurses库，安装
$ sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

重新编译成功。也可以使用系统原来的配置来编译，oldconfig

$ sudo make oldconfig #编译内核
编译内核
root@www-Vostro-2420:/usr/src/linux-source-3.2.0# make bzImage -j4
编译模块make modules

使用 sudo make modules_install 命令安装模块，执行完后，会在 /lib/modules 目录下生成一个新的目录 /lib/modules/3.13.0/ 。至此，内核就编译完成了。

4. 安装内核

安装内核的过程就快的很多了，这和一般的软件安装包的安装软件 是相似的。

INSTALL drivers/thermal/x86_pkg_temp_thermal.ko
INSTALL fs/efivarfs/efivarfs.ko
INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_MASQUERADE.ko
INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.ko
INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_log_arp.ko
INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_log_ipv4.ko
INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_nat_ipv4.ko
INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4.ko
INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_log_ipv6.ko
INSTALL net/netfilter/nf_log_common.ko
INSTALL net/netfilter/nf_nat.ko
INSTALL net/netfilter/nf_nat_ftp.ko
INSTALL net/netfilter/nf_nat_irc.ko
INSTALL net/netfilter/nf_nat_sip.ko
INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_LOG.ko
INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_addrtype.ko
INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_mark.ko
INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_nat.ko
INSTALL ubuntu/vbox/vboxguest/vboxguest.ko
INSTALL ubuntu/vbox/vboxsf/vboxsf.ko
INSTALL ubuntu/xr-usb-serial/xr_usb_serial_common.ko
DEPMOD 4.15.18
root@T-L430:linux-source-4.15.0# ls /lib/modules/
4.13.0-21-generic 4.13.0-45-generic 4.15.0-23-generic 4.15.18
多出的4.15.18目录就是刚make modules_install时搞出来的。

再安装内核
root@T-L430:linux-source-4.15.0# make install
sh https://blog.csdn.net/wenfengliaoshuzhai/article/details/arch/x86/boot/install.sh 4.15.18 arch/x86/boot/bzImage
System.map “/boot”
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.15.18 /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.18
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.15.18 /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.18
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.18
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.15.18 /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.18
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.15.18 /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.18
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.15.18 /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.18
Generating grub configuration file …
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.18
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.18
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-23-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-23-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-45-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-45-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-21-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-21-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done

完成安装之后，会在/boot内生成对应的内核相关文件,重启之后，在启动引导页面，会让我们选择启动的内核，这时我们可以选择是当前默认的4.13内核还是刚刚编译安装的更新的4.15内核。

root@T-L430:linux-source-4.15.0# ls /boot/
abi-4.13.0-21-generic initrd.img-4.13.0-45-generic System.map-4.13.0-45-generic
abi-4.13.0-45-generic initrd.img-4.15.0-23-generic System.map-4.15.0-23-generic
abi-4.15.0-23-generic initrd.img-4.15.18 System.map-4.15.18
config-4.13.0-21-generic memtest86+.bin vmlinuz-4.13.0-21-generic
config-4.13.0-45-generic memtest86+.elf vmlinuz-4.13.0-45-generic
config-4.15.0-23-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin vmlinuz-4.15.0-23-generic
config-4.15.18 retpoline-4.13.0-45-generic vmlinuz-4.15.18
grub retpoline-4.15.0-23-generic
initrd.img-4.13.0-21-generic System.map-4.13.0-21-generic

五、更改启动grub

vim /boot/grub/grub.cfg

8.检查无误后，重启以便使用新内核

1.png

上图选择未出现，直接开机了
root@T-L430:www# uname -r
4.15.18
root@T-L430:www# cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.15.18 (root@T-L430) (gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-16ubuntu3)) #1 SMP Sat Sep 29 10:48:46 CST 2018
重启动就变成4.15.18了