一、SQL

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1.1、基本概念：

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1.2、数据库安全

：

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1.3、基本的SQL SELECT 语句

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1.4、SELECT语句

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1

、语法：

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2、SQL语句说明：

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3、数字和日期都可以使用数学运算符建立表达式。

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4、定义空（NULL）值

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5、别名

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6、spool +路径

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7、连接操作符： ||

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8、文本字符串

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9、DISTINCT

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1.5、SQLPLUS 与 SQL 的关系

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1、SQLPLUS命令的功能：

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2、查询 SQLPLUS 命令

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3、SQLPLUSW 在 WINDOWS 下运行的分析器。

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4、SQLPLUS 命令：

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1.6、单行函数

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1、character字符类型函数：

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2、number数字类型函数

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3、时间类型函数：

（date）

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1.7

、嵌套函数：

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1.

通用函数：

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2.

条件表达式：

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3.

从多表中显示数据：

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1.8、用字函数产生的总计

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1.9、子查询：

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2.0、替换变量：

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1.&

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2.&&

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2.1.环境变量：

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2.2

格式化命令：

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2.3

做脚本文件的过程：

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2.3

数据操作语句：

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1.

插入

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2.

删除

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3.

更新

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4.

MERGE语句

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5.

事务（transaction）

：

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2.4

创建和管理表

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1、表（TABLE）基本的存储单位，由行和列组成。

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2

、方案：一个用户所有对象的命名集合。

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3、CTAS（子查询建表）

：

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4、截取：

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5、给表加注释：COMMENT

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6、约束条件：

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2.5.视图 （VIEW）

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2.6、序列：

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2.7、索引：

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2.8

控制用户的访问

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1.数据库的安全性

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2.角色：

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3.使用集合操作

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4.ORDER BY 子句：

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5.GROUP BY 子句的增强

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6.GROUPING 函数

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2.9

高级子查询

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1.

成对子查询：

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2.层次查询

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二、Management：

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1.

Oracle

的构件和组件

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2.数据库的物理结构：

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1.控制文件

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2.

数据文件

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3.

重做日志文件

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4.

data file 数据文件：

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5.

作用：存放数据。

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6.

数据文件大小可以扩展。

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7.

tablespace 表空间：一个或多个数据文件的逻辑组成。

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8.

redo log file 重做日志文件

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9.

control file 控制文件

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10.

parameter file 初始化参数文件

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11.

password file 口令文件

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12.

archived log file 归档日志文件

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3.instance

实例

/例程

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4、进程结构

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1.

用户进程：开始于数据库用户请求连接数据库

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2.

服务进程：与ORA

实例

连接，开始于用户会话的建立。

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3.

后台进程：当ORA

实例

启动时启动

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1.

DBWR 数据库写进程

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2.

LGWR 重作日志写进程

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6.CKPT 检查点进程

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7.ARCn 归档进程（可选）

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8.LOGICAL STRUCTURE

逻辑结构

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5、OEM

ORACLE

企业管理器

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6.管理ORA

实例

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7.启动过程：

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1.

NOMOUNT

实例

启动阶段

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2.

MOUNT 数据库装载阶段

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3.

OPEN 打开数据库

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