插入查询结果

语法：

insert into table_name column select…

案例：创建一张用户表，设计有name姓名、email邮箱、sex性别、mobile手机号字段。需要把已有的 学生数据复制进来，可以复制的字段为name、_mail

– 创建用户表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_user;

CREATE TABLE test_user (

id INT primary key auto_increment,

name VARCHAR(20) comment ‘姓名’,

age INT comment ‘年龄’,

email VARCHAR(20) comment ‘邮箱’,

sex varchar(1) comment ‘性别’,

mobile varchar(20) comment ‘手机号’

);

–把学生表中的所有数据复制到用户表

insert into test_user(name,email) select name,_mail from student;

四、查询

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4.1聚合查询

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4.1.1、聚合函数

常见的统计总数、计算平局值等操作，可以使用聚合函数来实现，常见的聚合函数有：

COUNT

– 统计班级共有多少同学

select count(*) from student;

select count(0) from student;

– 统计班级收集的 _mail 有多少个，_mail 为 NULL 的数据不会计入结果

select count(_mail) from student;

SUM

– 统计数学成绩总分

select sum(math) from exam_result;

– 不及格 < 60 的总分，没有结果，返回 NULL

select sum(math) from exam_result where math < 60;

AVG

– 统计平均总分

select avg(chinese + math + english) 平均总分 from exam_result;

MAX

– 返回英语最高分

select max(english) from exam_result;

MIN

– 返回 > 70 分以上的数学最低分

select min(math) from exam_result where math > 70;

4.1.2、GROUP BY子句

SELECT 中使用 GROUP BY 子句可以对指定列进行分组查询。需要满足：使用 GROUP BY 进行分组查 询时，SELECT 指定的字段必须是“分组依据字段”，其他字段若想出现在SELECT 中则必须包含在聚合函 数中。

select column1, sum(column2), … from table group by column1,column3;

准备测试表及数据：职员表，有id（主键）、name（姓名）、role（角色）、salary（薪水）

create table emp(

id int primary key auto_increment,

name varchar(20) not null,

role varchar(20) not null,

salary numeric(11,2)

);

insert into emp(name, role, salary) values

(‘李白’,‘服务员’, 1000.20),

(‘杜甫’,‘游戏陪玩’, 2000.99),

(‘孙悟空’,‘游戏角色’, 999.11),

(‘猪无能’,‘游戏角色’, 333.5),

(‘沙和尚’,‘游戏角色’, 700.33),

(‘隔壁老王’,‘董事长’, 12000.66);

查询每个角色的最高工资、最低工资和平均工资

select role,max(salary),min(salary),avg(salary) from emp group by role;

4.1.3、HAVING

GROUP BY 子句进行分组以后，需要对分组结果再进行条件过滤时，不能使用 WHERE 语句，而需要用 HAVING

显示平均工资低于1500的角色和它的平均工资

select role,max(salary),min(salary),avg(salary) from emp group by role having avg(salary) < 1500;

4.2、联合查询

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实际开发中往往数据来自不同的表，所以需要多表联合查询。多表查询是对多张表的数据取笛卡尔积：

测试示例：

insert into classes(name, ) values

(‘计算机系2019级1班’, ‘学习了计算机原理、C和Java语言、数据结构和算法’),

(‘中文系2019级3班’,‘学习了中国传统文学’),

(‘自动化2019级5班’,‘学习了机械自动化’);

create table classes(

name varchar(20),

varchar(200)

);

create table student(

id int,

sn varchar(6),

name varchar(20),

_mail varchar(20),

classes_id int

);

insert into student(id,sn, name, _mail, classes_id) values

(1,‘09982’,‘黑旋风李逵’,‘’,1),

(2,‘00835’,‘菩提老祖’,null,1),

(3,‘00391’,‘白素贞’,null,1),

(4,‘00031’,‘许仙’,‘’,1),

(5,‘00054’,‘不想毕业’,null,1),

(6,‘51234’,‘好好说话’,‘’,2),

(7,‘83223’,‘tellme’,null,2),

(8,‘09527’,‘老外学中文’,‘’,2);

create table course(

id int primary key auto_increment,

name varchar(20)

);

insert into course(id,name) values

(1,‘Java’),(2,‘中国传统文化’),(3,‘计算机原理’),(4,‘语文’),(5,‘高阶数学’),(6,‘英文’);

create table score(

score decimal(3,1),

student_id int,

course_id int

);

insert into score(score, student_id, course_id) values

– 黑旋风李逵

(70.5, 1, 1),(98.5, 1, 3),(33, 1, 5),(98, 1, 6),

– 菩提老祖

(60, 2, 1),(59.5, 2, 5),

– 白素贞

(33, 3, 1),(68, 3, 3),(99, 3, 5),

– 许仙

(67, 4, 1),(23, 4, 3),(56, 4, 5),(72, 4, 6),

– 不想毕业

(81, 5, 1),(37, 5, 5),

– 好好说话

(56, 6, 2),(43, 6, 4),(79, 6, 6),

– tellme

(80, 7, 2),(92, 7, 6);

4.2.1、内连接

语法：

select 字段 from 表1 别名1 [inner] join 表2 别名2 on 连接条件 and 其他条件;

select 字段 from 表1 别名1,表2 别名2 where 连接条件 and 其他条件;

案例：

查询“许仙”同学的 成绩

select sco.score from student stu inner join score sco on stu.id=sco.student_id

and stu.name=‘许仙’;

– 或者

select sco.score from student stu, score sco where stu.id=sco.student_id and

stu.name=‘许仙’;

初学者建议一步一步来

select student.id,student.name ,score.student_id,score.score from student,score;

select student.id,student.name ,score.student_id,score.score from

student,score where student.id = score.student_id;

select student.id,student.name ,score.student_id,score.score from

student,score where student.id = score.student_id and student.name = ‘许仙’;

（2）查询所有同学的总成绩，及同学的个人信息：

SELECT

stu.sn,

stu.NAME,

stu._mail,

sum( sco.score )

FROM

student stu

JOIN score sco ON stu.id = sco.student_id

GROUP BY

sco.student_id;

select student.id ,student.name,score.student_id,score.score from student,score;

select student.id ,student.name,score.student_id,score.score from student,score

where student.id = score.student_id;

select student.id ,student.name,score.student_id,score.score from student,score

where student.id = score.student_id group by student.id;

select student.id ,student.name,sum(score.score) from student,score

where student.id = score.student_id group by student.id;

（3）查询所有同学的成绩，及同学的个人信息：

select student.id,student.name,course.id,course.name,score.student_id,score.score from

student,course,score;

select student.id,student.name,course.id,course.name,score.student_id,score.score from

student,course,score where student.id = score.student_id;

select student.id,student.name,course.id,course.name,score.student_id,score.score from

student,course,score where student.id = score.student_id and course.id = score.course_id;

select student.name,course.name,score.score from

student,course,score where student.id = score.student_id and course.id = score.course_id;

4.2.2、自连接

显示所有“计算机原理”成绩比“Java”成绩高的成绩信息

select * from course where name = ‘java’;

select * from course where name = ‘计算机原理’;

select s1.student_id,s1.score,s1.course_id,s2.student_id,s2.course_id

from score s1,score s2;

select s1.student_id,s1.score,s1.course_id,s2.student_id,s2.course_id

from score s1,score s2 where s1.student_id = s2.student_id;

select s1.student_id,s1.score,s1.course_id,s2.student_id,s2.course_id

from score s1,score s2 where s1.student_id = s2.student_id and s1.course_id

= 3 and s2.course_id = 1;

select s1.student_id,s1.score,s1.course_id,s2.student_id,s2.course_id

from score s1,score s2 where s1.student_id = s2.student_id and s1.course_id

= 3 and s2.course_id = 1 and s1.score > s2.score;

4.2.3、子查询

查询与“不想毕业” 同学的同班同学

select classes_id from student where name = ‘不想毕业’;

select name from student where classes_id = (select classes_id from student where name = ‘不想毕业’);

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