python爬虫scrapy框架_python主流爬虫框架

前言

环境部署

插件推荐

爬虫目标

项目创建

webdriver部署

项目代码

Item定义

中间件定义

定义爬虫

pipeline输出结果文本

配置文件改动

验证结果

总结

----

前言

闲来无聊，写了一个爬虫程序获取百度疫情数据。申明一下，研究而已。而且页面应该会进程做反爬处理，可能需要调整对应xpath。

Github仓库地址：代码仓库

本文主要使用的是scrapy框架。

环境部署

主要简单推荐一下

插件推荐

这里先推荐一个Google Chrome的扩展插件xpath helper，可以验证xpath语法是不是正确。

爬虫目标

需要爬取的页面：实时更新：新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情地图

主要爬取的目标选取了全国的数据以及各个身份的数据。

项目创建

使用scrapy命令创建项目

scrapy startproject yqsj

webdriver部署

这里就不重新讲一遍了，可以参考我这篇文章的部署方法：（Scrapy框架）爬虫2021年CSDN全站综合热榜标题热词 | 爬虫案例_阿良的博客-CSDN博客

项目代码

开始撸代码，看一下百度疫情省份数据的问题。

页面需要点击展开全部span。所以在提取页面源码的时候需要模拟浏览器打开后，点击该按钮。所以按照这个方向，我们一步步来。

Item定义

定义两个类YqsjProvinceItem和YqsjChinaItem，分别定义国内省份数据和国内数据。

# Define here the models for your scraped items

#

# See documentation in:

# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html



import scrapy





class YqsjProvinceItem(scrapy.Item):

    # define the fields for your item here like:

    # name = scrapy.Field()

    location = scrapy.Field()

    new = scrapy.Field()

    exist = scrapy.Field()

    total = scrapy.Field()

    cure = scrapy.Field()

    dead = scrapy.Field()





class YqsjChinaItem(scrapy.Item):

    # define the fields for your item here like:

    # name = scrapy.Field()

    # 现有确诊

    exist_diagnosis = scrapy.Field()

    # 无症状

    asymptomatic = scrapy.Field()

    # 现有疑似

    exist_suspecte = scrapy.Field()

    # 现有重症

    exist_severe = scrapy.Field()

    # 累计确诊

    cumulative_diagnosis = scrapy.Field()

    # 境外输入

    overseas_input = scrapy.Field()

    # 累计治愈

    cumulative_cure = scrapy.Field()

    # 累计死亡

    cumulative_dead = scrapy.Field()

中间件定义

需要打开页面后点击一下展开全部。

完整代码

# Define here the models for your spider middleware

#

# See documentation in:

# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

from scrapy import signals

# useful for handling different item types with a single interface

from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter

from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse

from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

import time

class YqsjSpiderMiddleware:

# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,

# scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the

# passed objects.

@classmethod

def from_crawler(cls, crawler):

# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.

s = cls()

crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)

return s

def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):

# Called for each response that goes through the spider

# middleware and into the spider.

# Should return None or raise an exception.

return None

def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):

# Called with the results returned from the Spider, after

# it has processed the response.

# Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.

for i in result:

yield i

def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):

# Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method

# (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

# Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.

pass

def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):

# Called with the start requests of the spider, and works

# similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except

# that it doesn’t have a response associated.

# Must return only requests (not items).

for r in start_requests:

yield r

def spider_opened(self, spider):

spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

class YqsjDownloaderMiddleware:

# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,

# scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the

# passed objects.

@classmethod

def from_crawler(cls, crawler):

# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.

s = cls()

crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)

return s

def process_request(self, request, spider):

# Called for each request that goes through the downloader

# middleware.

# Must either:

# - return None: continue processing this request

# - or return a Response object

# - or return a Request object

# - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of

#   installed downloader middleware will be called

# return None

try:

spider.browser.get(request.url)

spider.browser.maximize_window()

time.sleep(2)

spider.browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='nationTable']/div/span").click()

# ActionChains(spider.browser).click(searchButtonElement)

time.sleep(5)

return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source,

encoding="utf-8", request=request)

except TimeoutException as e:

print('超时异常:{}'.format(e))

spider.browser.execute_script('window.stop()')

finally:

spider.browser.close()

def process_response(self, request, response, spider):

# Called with the response returned from the downloader.

# Must either;

# - return a Response object

# - return a Request object

# - or raise IgnoreRequest

return response

def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):

# Called when a download handler or a process_request()

# (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.

# Must either:

# - return None: continue processing this exception

# - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain

# - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain

pass

def spider_opened(self, spider):

spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

定义爬虫

分别获取国内疫情数据以及省份疫情数据。完整代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time    : 2021/11/7 22:05

# @Author  : 至尊宝

# @Site    : 

# @File    : baidu_yq.py

import scrapy

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

from yqsj.items import YqsjChinaItem, YqsjProvinceItem

class YqsjSpider(scrapy.Spider):

name = 'yqsj'

# allowed_domains = ['blog.csdn.net']

start_urls = ['https://voice.baidu.com/act/newpneumonia/newpneumonia#tab0']

china_xpath = "//div[contains(@class, 'VirusSummarySix_1-1-317_2ZJJBJ')]/text()"

province_xpath = "//*[@id='nationTable']/table/tbody/tr[{}]/td/text()"

province_xpath_1 = "//*[@id='nationTable']/table/tbody/tr[{}]/td/div/span/text()"

def __init__(self):

chrome_options = Options()

chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')  # 使用无头谷歌浏览器模式

chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')

chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')

self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options,

executable_path="E:\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe")

self.browser.set_page_load_timeout(30)

def parse(self, response, **kwargs):

country_info = response.xpath(self.china_xpath)

yq_china = YqsjChinaItem()

yq_china['exist_diagnosis'] = country_info[0].get()

yq_china['asymptomatic'] = country_info[1].get()

yq_china['exist_suspecte'] = country_info[2].get()

yq_china['exist_severe'] = country_info[3].get()

yq_china['cumulative_diagnosis'] = country_info[4].get()

yq_china['overseas_input'] = country_info[5].get()

yq_china['cumulative_cure'] = country_info[6].get()

yq_china['cumulative_dead'] = country_info[7].get()

yield yq_china

# 遍历35个地区

for x in range(1, 35):

path = self.province_xpath.format(x)

path1 = self.province_xpath_1.format(x)

province_info = response.xpath(path)

province_name = response.xpath(path1)

yq_province = YqsjProvinceItem()

yq_province['location'] = province_name.get()

yq_province['new'] = province_info[0].get()

yq_province['exist'] = province_info[1].get()

yq_province['total'] = province_info[2].get()

yq_province['cure'] = province_info[3].get()

yq_province['dead'] = province_info[4].get()

yield yq_province

pipeline输出结果文本

将结果按照一定的文本格式输出出来。完整代码：

# Define your item pipelines here

#

# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting

# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

# useful for handling different item types with a single interface

from itemadapter import ItemAdapter

from yqsj.items import YqsjChinaItem, YqsjProvinceItem

class YqsjPipeline:

def __init__(self):

self.file = open('result.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')

def process_item(self, item, spider):

if isinstance(item, YqsjChinaItem):

self.file.write(

"国内疫情\n现有确诊\t{}\n无症状\t{}\n现有疑似\t{}\n现有重症\t{}\n累计确诊\t{}\n境外输入\t{}\n累计治愈\t{}\n累计死亡\t{}\n".format(

item['exist_diagnosis'],

item['asymptomatic'],

item['exist_suspecte'],

item['exist_severe'],

item['cumulative_diagnosis'],

item['overseas_input'],

item['cumulative_cure'],

item['cumulative_dead']))

if isinstance(item, YqsjProvinceItem):

self.file.write(

"省份:{}\t新增:{}\t现有:{}\t累计:{}\t治愈:{}\t死亡:{}\n".format(

item['location'],

item['new'],

item['exist'],

item['total'],

item['cure'],

item['dead']))

return item

def close_spider(self, spider):

self.file.close()

配置文件改动

直接参考，自行调整：

# Scrapy settings for yqsj project

#

# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or

# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:

#

#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html

#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'yqsj'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['yqsj.spiders']

NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'yqsj.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent

#USER_AGENT = 'yqsj (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0'

# Obey robots.txt rules

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay

# See also autothrottle settings and docs

#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3

# The download delay setting will honor only one of:

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)

COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)

#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {

'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',

'Accept-Language': 'en',

'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36'

}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {

'yqsj.middlewares.YqsjSpiderMiddleware': 543,

}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

'yqsj.middlewares.YqsjDownloaderMiddleware': 543,

}

# Enable or disable extensions

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html

#EXTENSIONS = {

#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,

#}

# Configure item pipelines

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

ITEM_PIPELINES = {

'yqsj.pipelines.YqsjPipeline': 300,

}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html

#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True

# The initial download delay

#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5

# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies

#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60

# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to

# each remote server

#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0

# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:

#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings

#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True

#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0

#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'

#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []

#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

验证结果

看看结果文件

总结

emmmm，闲着无聊，写着玩，没啥好总结的。

申明一下，本文案例仅研究探索使用，不是为了恶意攻击。

修心，亦是修行之一。顺境修力，逆境修心，缺一不可。 ——《剑来》

如果本文对你有作用的话，不要吝啬你的赞，谢谢。

python爬虫scrapy框架_python主流爬虫框架

前言

环境部署

插件推荐

爬虫目标

项目创建

webdriver部署

项目代码

Item定义

中间件定义

定义爬虫

pipeline输出结果文本

配置文件改动

验证结果

总结

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