1. lamp简介
有了前面学习的知识的铺垫，今天可以来学习下第一个常用的web架构了。
所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一般用来建立web应用平台。
2. web服务器工作流程
在说lamp架构平台的搭建前，我们先来了解下什么是CGI，什么是FastCGI，什么是…
web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源
- 静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
- 动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端
那么web服务器如何执行程序并将结果返回给客户端呢？下面通过一张图来说明一下web服务器如何处理客户端的请求
如上图所示
阶段①显示的是httpd服务器（即apache）和php服务器通过FastCGI协议进行通信，且php作为独立的服务进程运行
阶段②显示的是php程序和mysql数据库间通过mysql协议进行通信。php与mysql本没有什么联系，但是由Php语言写成的程序可以与mysql进行数据交互。同理perl和python写的程序也可以与mysql数据库进行交互
2.1 cgi与fastcgi
上图阶段①中提到了FastCGI，下面我们来了解下CGI与FastCGI。
CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口），CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序，并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器，CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体。
FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求，耗时且耗资源，而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求，这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时
2.2 httpd与php结合的方式
httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种：
- modules：php将以httpd的扩展模块形式存在，需要加载动态资源时，httpd可以直接通过php模块来加工资源并返回给客户端
- httpd prefork：libphp5.so（多进程模型的php）
- httpd event or worker：libphp5-zts.so（线程模型的php）
- CGI：httpd需要加载动态资源时，通过CGI与php解释器联系，获得php执行的结果，此时httpd负责与php连接的建立和断开等
- FastCGI：利用php-fpm机制，启动为服务进程，php自行运行为一个服务，https通过socket与php通信
较于CGI方式，FastCGI更为常用，很少有人使用CGI方式来加载动态资源
2.3 web工作流程
通过上面的图说明一下web的工作流程：
- 客户端通过http协议请求web服务器资源
- web服务器收到请求后判断客户端请求的资源是静态资源或是动态资源
- 若是静态资源则直接从本地文件系统取之返回给客户端。
- 否则若为动态资源则通过FastCGI协议与php服务器联系，通过CGI程序的master进程调度worker进程来执行程序以获得客户端请求的动态资源，并将执行的结果通过FastCGI协议返回给httpd服务器，httpd服务器收到php的执行结果后将其封装为http响应报文响应给客户端。在执行程序获取动态资源时若需要获得数据库中的资源时，由Php服务器通过mysql协议与MySQL/MariaDB服务器交互，取之而后返回给httpd，httpd将从php服务器收到的执行结果封装成http响应报文响应给客户端。
3. lamp平台构建
环境说明：
| 系统平台 | IP | 需要安装的服务 |
|---|---|---|
| centos7 | ||
| redhat7 | 192.168.141.135 | httpd-2.4 |
| mysql-5.7 | ||
| php | ||
| php-mysql |
lamp平台软件安装次序：
httpd –> mysql –> php
注意：php要求httpd使用prefork MPM
3.1安装httpd
//YUM源配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
--2022-08-02 20:13:14-- https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 223.76.171.230, 223.76.170.231, 223.76.170.226, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|223.76.171.230|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2495 (2.4K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’
/etc/yum.repos.d/Cent 100%[=======================>] 2.44K --.-KB/s in 0s
2022-08-02 20:13:14 (82.5 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2495/2495]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 15 kB/s | 3.9 kB 00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 4.9 kB/s | 1.5 kB 00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 42 kB/s | 4.3 kB 00:00
epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm 164 kB/s | 24 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
//安装开发工具包
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_6 629 kB/s | 1.0 MB 00:01
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 8.3 MB/s | 13 MB 00:01
.....
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:02 ago on Tue 02 Aug 2022 08:17:10 PM CST.
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Package libtool-2.4.6-25.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gcc-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gcc-c++-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
.....
zlib-devel-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
//创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
uid=987(apache) gid=983(apache) groups=983(apache)
[root@localhost ~]#
//下载和安装apr以及apr-util 如果无法下载可以进入https://apache.org/ 在官网下载
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
--2022-08-02 20:27:08-- https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)... 88.99.95.219, 135.181.214.104, 2a01:4f8:10a:201a::2, ...
Connecting to downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)|88.99.95.219|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1093896 (1.0M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apr-1.7.0.tar.gz’
......
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
--2022-08-02 20:27:53-- https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)... 88.99.95.219, 135.181.214.104, 2a01:4f8:10a:201a::2, ...
Connecting to downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)|88.99.95.219|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 554301 (541K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz’
......
#解压压缩包并进入
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-1.7.0/
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vim configure #查找/cfgfile
cfgfile="${ofile}T"
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
# $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行加上注释，或者删除此行
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
配置过程略...
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make
先编译安装查看是否有错，过程略...
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make install
#进入apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
配置过程略...
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make
编译安装过程略...
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make install
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ls /usr/local/
apr apr-util bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
#查看是否有apr apr-util
//编译安装httpd
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.38.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 debug kernels
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
--enable-modules=most \
--enable-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=prefork
......
Server Version: 2.4.54
Install prefix: /usr/local/apache
C compiler: gcc
CFLAGS: -g -O2 -pthread
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# make
编译安装过程略...
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# make install
编译安装过程略...
//安装后配置
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH #查看配置配置成功了吗
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/
apache apr-util etc include lib64 sbin src
apr bin games lib libexec share
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# which httpd
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd #查看是否有httpd
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
#MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/src/pvm3/man
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man #添加
#---------------------------------------------------------
//编写配置文件启动apache
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@localhost system]# vim httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=web server daemon
Documentation=man:httpd(5)
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost system]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - web server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: di>
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:httpd(5)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - web server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: dis>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-08-02 21:07:42 CST; 34s ago
Docs: man:httpd(5)
Main PID: 68977 (httpd)
Tasks: 6 (limit: 49288)
Memory: 5.5M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─68977 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─68978 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─68979 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─68980 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─68981 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
└─68982 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
Aug 02 21:07:42 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting web server daemon...
Aug 02 21:07:42 localhost.localdomain apachectl[68974]: AH00558: httpd: Could not rel>
Aug 02 21:07:42 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started web server daemon.
[root@localhost ~]#
3.2 安装mysql
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
配置过程略...
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
//创建用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=986(mysql) gid=982(mysql) groups=982(mysql)
[root@localhost ~]#
//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
//解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz debug kernels
apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54 mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# ls /usr/local/
apache apr-util etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 share
apr bin games lib libexec sbin src
[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql #更改名字
[root@localhost local]# ls
apache apr-util etc include lib64 mysql share
apr bin games lib libexec sbin src
#修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Aug 2 21:22 /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost local]#
#添加环境变量
[root@localhost local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost local]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
# every automatically generated MANPATH includes these fields
#
#MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/src/pvm3/man
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
#---------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# which mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
[root@localhost ~]#
//建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /opt/data/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 2 21:33 /opt/data/
[root@localhost ~]#
//初始化数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data
2022-08-02T13:35:57.012249Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-08-02T13:35:58.235577Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-08-02T13:35:58.423485Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-08-02T13:35:58.509663Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 0ac776a9-1268-11ed-bb60-000c29aeb0ec.
2022-08-02T13:35:58.516741Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-08-02T13:35:58.704242Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-02T13:35:58.704299Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-02T13:35:58.705310Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-08-02T13:35:58.773428Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (sgO)6r8K4d(
[root@localhost ~]#
//请注意，这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码，每个的密码不一样，此处密码是(sgO)6r8K4d(
#保存密码
[root@localhost ~]# echo '(sgO)6r8K4d(' > pass
[root@localhost ~]# cat pass
(sgO)6r8K4d(
[root@localhost ~]#
#查看/etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
#这个配置是mariadb无法使用卸载mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-devel-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
mariadb-connector-c-devel-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64
mariadb-connector-c-config-3.1.11-2.el8_3.noarch
mariadb-connector-c-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y remove mariadb*
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
#没有找到mariadb卸载成功
//生成配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
//配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
bin docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# cd support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# ls
magic mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server
[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
#添加如下配置
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start.
[root@localhost support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
//启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
#设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
#在2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on是开启的
关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
//修改密码
//使用临时密码登录
#先安装这个软件，如果有疑问为什么要安装这个可以看问题和解决方法
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install ncurses-compat-libs
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'(sgO)6r8K4d('
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.38
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
//设置新密码
mysql> set password = password('long123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
#测试修改的密码是否登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -plong123!
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
3.3 安装php
//下载php
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.xz
--2022-08-02 22:07:40-- https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.xz
....
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg pass php-7.4.30.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# sha256sum php-7.4.30.tar.xz
ea72a34f32c67e79ac2da7dfe96177f3c451c3eefae5810ba13312ed398ba70d php-7.4.30.tar.xz
#在官网php.net通过他提供的检测方式检测是否成功下载正确的PHP
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd
安装过程略....
//编译安装php
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-7.4.30.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# cd php-7.4.30/
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
#因为版本不同出现的问题不同，如果有问题看问题和解决方法
#安装成功没有问题的演示如下
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.
#编译时间很长需要等待完成后操作
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# make
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# make install
//安装后配置
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# php -v
PHP 7.4.30 (cli) (built: Aug 2 2022 23:06:55) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]#
//配置php-fpm
[root@localhost fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost fpm]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm status
php-fpm is stopped
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/php7/etc/
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf php-fpm.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf www.conf.default
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]#
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
php-fpm 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@localhost ~]#
出现的问题和解决方法
mysql为什么要安装dnf -y install ncurses-compat-libs的原因
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'(sgO)6r8K4d('
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# dnf provides libncurses.so.5
Last metadata expiration check: 0:55:43 ago on Tue 02 Aug 2022 09:02:01 PM CST.
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
Repo : base
Matched from:
Provide : libncurses.so.5
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install ncurses-compat-libs
编译安装php问题和解决方法
//编译安装php问题和解决方法
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-7.4.30.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# cd php-7.4.30/
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
#因为版本不同出现的问题不同，本次操作出现的问题如下
checking for sqlite3 > 3.7.4... no
configure: error: Package requirements (sqlite3 > 3.7.4) were not met:
Package 'sqlite3', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.
Alternatively, you may set the environment variables SQLITE_CFLAGS
and SQLITE_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
#需要安装sqlite3
[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all | grep sqlite3
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
#安装如下的这个包
libsqlite3x-devel.x86_64 20071018-26.el8 epel
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libsqlite3x-devel
#安装后重新编译安装php,出现新的问题再重复以上的操作
Package 'oniguruma', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.
Alternatively, you may set the environment variables ONIG_CFLAGS
and ONIG_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
#重新查找但没有我们需要的包，所以通过https://pkgs.org/网站下载
#搜索Oniguruma-devel，然后找到CentOS 8 Stream
[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all | grep oniguruma
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
oniguruma.x86_64 6.8.2-2.el8 @AppStream
oniguruma.i686 6.8.2-2.el8 AppStream
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
#通过这个命令安装，然后重新编译安装
#注意出现这个没有错误就成功了
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.
configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --with-gd, --with-jpeg-dir, --with-png-dir, --with-freetype-dir, --enable-zip
#但出现警告，把警告过滤
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep gd
--with-gdbm[=DIR] DBA: GDBM support
--enable-gd #这个改变了 Include GD support
--with-external-gd Use external libgd
--with-webp GD: Enable WEBP support (only for bundled libgd)
--with-jpeg GD: Enable JPEG support (only for bundled libgd)
--with-xpm GD: Enable XPM support (only for bundled libgd)
libgd)
--enable-gd-jis-conv GD: Enable JIS-mapped Japanese font support (only
for bundled libgd)
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep jpeg
--with-jpeg GD: Enable JPEG support (only for bundled libgd)
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep png
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]#
#没有显示证明这个不需要
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep freetype
--with-freetype GD: Enable FreeType 2 support (only for bundled
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep zip
--with-zip Include Zip read/write support
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]#
#这有出现新的问题
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
#出现的新的问题
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.
Alternatively, you may set the environment variables LIBZIP_CFLAGS
and LIBZIP_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all | grep zip | grep lib
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
bzip2-libs.i686 1.0.6-26.el8 @base
bzip2-libs.x86_64 1.0.6-26.el8 @anaconda
libzip.x86_64 1.5.1-2.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66 AppStream
libzip-devel.x86_64 1.5.1-2.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66 AppStream
libzip-tools.x86_64 1.5.1-2.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66 AppStream
zziplib.i686 0.13.68-9.el8 AppStream
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.68-9.el8 AppStream
zziplib-utils.x86_64 0.13.68-9.el8 AppStream
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libzip-devel
#安装后重新编译
今天的文章lamp安装操作讲解分享到此就结束了，感谢您的阅读，如果确实帮到您，您可以动动手指转发给其他人。
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