熟悉Linux环境编程的童鞋，对gcc一定不是很陌生，它可以高效地将C/C++代码编译成可执行文件。在嵌入式开发领域，gcc更是无比的强大，采用不同编译平台的gcc编译器，对应地就可以生成该平台的bin文件。由于gcc功能强大，在编译Linux内核时，gcc会是编译器的首选。
熟悉编译原理的童鞋对map文件一定很熟悉，但若是平时对底层编译不是很清晰，或者主要开发工作集中在应用层的童鞋，可能对其了解就神乎其微了。这个时候，你就需要好好阅读本文，了解下map文件了。本文要给大家分享生成map文件的方法，后续笔者会再写相关的文章介绍map文件的具体内容。
假设我们有以下的测试源码，功能很简单：
#include <stdio.h>
static int test_function(int arg)
{
printf("This is a function called: %s\n", __func__);
return arg;
}
int main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
test_function(0);
return 0;
}
通常我们要得到可执行文件，我们会输入编译命令：
gcc -o gcc_create_map_file gcc_create_map_file.c得到输出结果，测试如下：
运行结果完全符合我们的期望，编译命令完成后，在当前目录下，生成了gcc_create_map_file这个可执行文件。
但是，如果我们要编译输出可执行文件的同时，也得到可执行文件对应的map文件呢？我们可以这样输入编译命令：
gcc -o gcc_create_map_file gcc_create_map_file.c -Wl,-Map=gcc.map测试输出，完全没有问题：
我们对比2个编译命令可以发现，其实就是在原编译命令的后面加上了 “-Wl,-Map=gcc.map”；其中-Wl，是告诉gcc编译器，这个是ld的选项参数；而-Map=xxx.map就是指定map文件输出的文件名称，这个名称xxx可以随意定义，map文件的路径可以是相对路径，也可以是绝对路径。以下就是map文件的详细内容，后续会有文章对它进行详细分析，现在大家先有个感官认识。
Archive member included to satisfy reference by file (symbol)
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o (__libc_csu_init)
Discarded input sections
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
.note.GNU-stack
0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
Memory Configuration
Name Origin Length Attributes
*default* 0x0000000000000000 0xffffffffffffffff
Linker script and memory map
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
LOAD /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc.a
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_s.so
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
START GROUP
LOAD /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
LOAD /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a
LOAD /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
END GROUP
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc.a
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_s.so
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
[!provide] PROVIDE (__executable_start, 0x400000)
0x0000000000400238 . = (0x400000 + SIZEOF_HEADERS)
.interp 0x0000000000400238 0x1c
*(.interp)
.interp 0x0000000000400238 0x1c /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
.note.ABI-tag 0x0000000000400254 0x20
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.note.gnu.build-id
0x0000000000400274 0x24
*(.note.gnu.build-id)
.note.gnu.build-id
0x0000000000400274 0x24 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
.hash
*(.hash)
.gnu.hash 0x0000000000400298 0x1c
*(.gnu.hash)
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.dynsym 0x00000000004002b8 0x60
*(.dynsym)
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.dynstr 0x0000000000400318 0x3f
*(.dynstr)
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.gnu.version 0x0000000000400358 0x8
*(.gnu.version)
.gnu.version 0x0000000000400358 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
.gnu.version_d 0x0000000000400360 0x0
*(.gnu.version_d)
.gnu.version_d
0x0000000000400360 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
.gnu.version_r 0x0000000000400360 0x20
*(.gnu.version_r)
.gnu.version_r
0x0000000000400360 0x20 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
.rela.dyn 0x0000000000400380 0x18
*(.rela.init)
*(.rela.text .rela.text.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.t.*)
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*(.rela.fini)
*(.rela.rodata .rela.rodata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.r.*)
*(.rela.data .rela.data.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.d.*)
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*(.rela.dtors)
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*(.rela.ldata .rela.ldata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.l.*)
*(.rela.lbss .rela.lbss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.lb.*)
*(.rela.lrodata .rela.lrodata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.lr.*)
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*(.rela.plt)
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[!provide] PROVIDE (__rela_iplt_start, .)
*(.rela.iplt)
.rela.iplt 0x00000000004003c8 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
[!provide] PROVIDE (__rela_iplt_end, .)
.init 0x00000000004003c8 0x1a
*(SORT(.init))
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0x00000000004003c8 _init
.init 0x00000000004003dd 0x5 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
.plt 0x00000000004003f0 0x30
*(.plt)
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0x0000000000400400 printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
0x0000000000400410 __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
*(.iplt)
.iplt 0x0000000000400420 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
.plt.got 0x0000000000400420 0x8
*(.plt.got)
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.plt.bnd
*(.plt.bnd)
.text 0x0000000000400430 0x1b2
*(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely .text.unlikely.*)
.text.unlikely
0x0000000000400430 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
.text.unlikely
0x0000000000400430 0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
*(.text.exit .text.exit.*)
*(.text.startup .text.startup.*)
*(.text.hot .text.hot.*)
*(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*)
.text 0x0000000000400430 0x2a /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
0x0000000000400430 _start
.text 0x000000000040045a 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
*fill* 0x000000000040045a 0x6
.text 0x0000000000400460 0xc6 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
.text 0x0000000000400526 0x44 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
0x000000000040054a main
*fill* 0x000000000040056a 0x6
.text 0x0000000000400570 0x72 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
0x0000000000400570 __libc_csu_init
0x00000000004005e0 __libc_csu_fini
.text 0x00000000004005e2 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
.text 0x00000000004005e2 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
*(.gnu.warning)
.fini 0x00000000004005e4 0x9
*(SORT(.fini))
.fini 0x00000000004005e4 0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
0x00000000004005e4 _fini
.fini 0x00000000004005e8 0x5 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
[!provide] PROVIDE (__etext, .)
[!provide] PROVIDE (_etext, .)
[!provide] PROVIDE (etext, .)
.rodata 0x00000000004005f0 0x36
*(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*)
.rodata.cst4 0x00000000004005f0 0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
0x00000000004005f0 _IO_stdin_used
*fill* 0x00000000004005f4 0x4
.rodata 0x00000000004005f8 0x2e /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
.rodata1
*(.rodata1)
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*(.eh_frame_hdr)
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0x0000000000400628 __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR
*(.eh_frame_entry .eh_frame_entry.*)
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*(.eh_frame)
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.eh_frame 0x0000000000400698 0x40 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
.eh_frame 0x00000000004006d8 0x40 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
0x58 (size before relaxing)
.eh_frame 0x0000000000400718 0x60 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
0x78 (size before relaxing)
.eh_frame 0x0000000000400778 0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
*(.eh_frame.*)
.gcc_except_table
*(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*)
.gnu_extab
*(.gnu_extab*)
.exception_ranges
*(.exception_ranges .exception_ranges*)
0x0000000000600e10 . = DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN (0x200000, 0x1000)
.eh_frame
*(.eh_frame)
*(.eh_frame.*)
.gnu_extab
*(.gnu_extab)
.gcc_except_table
*(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*)
.exception_ranges
*(.exception_ranges .exception_ranges*)
.tdata
*(.tdata .tdata.* .gnu.linkonce.td.*)
.tbss
*(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*)
*(.tcommon)
.preinit_array 0x0000000000600e10 0x0
[!provide] PROVIDE (__preinit_array_start, .)
*(.preinit_array)
[!provide] PROVIDE (__preinit_array_end, .)
.init_array 0x0000000000600e10 0x8
0x0000000000600e10 PROVIDE (__init_array_start, .)
*(SORT(.init_array.*) SORT(.ctors.*))
*(.init_array EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o *crtbegin?.o *crtbegin.o) .ctors)
.init_array 0x0000000000600e10 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
0x0000000000600e18 PROVIDE (__init_array_end, .)
.fini_array 0x0000000000600e18 0x8
[!provide] PROVIDE (__fini_array_start, .)
*(SORT(.fini_array.*) SORT(.dtors.*))
*(.fini_array EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o *crtbegin?.o *crtbegin.o) .dtors)
.fini_array 0x0000000000600e18 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
[!provide] PROVIDE (__fini_array_end, .)
.ctors
*crtbegin.o(.ctors)
*crtbegin?.o(.ctors)
*(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .ctors)
*(SORT(.ctors.*))
*(.ctors)
.dtors
*crtbegin.o(.dtors)
*crtbegin?.o(.dtors)
*(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .dtors)
*(SORT(.dtors.*))
*(.dtors)
.jcr 0x0000000000600e20 0x8
*(.jcr)
.jcr 0x0000000000600e20 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
.jcr 0x0000000000600e20 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
.data.rel.ro
*(.data.rel.ro.local* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.local.*)
*(.data.rel.ro .data.rel.ro.* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*)
.dynamic 0x0000000000600e28 0x1d0
*(.dynamic)
.dynamic 0x0000000000600e28 0x1d0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
0x0000000000600e28 _DYNAMIC
.got 0x0000000000600ff8 0x8
*(.got)
.got 0x0000000000600ff8 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
*(.igot)
0x0000000000601fe8 . = DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO_END (., (SIZEOF (.got.plt) >= 0x18)?0x18:0x0)
.got.plt 0x0000000000601000 0x28
*(.got.plt)
.got.plt 0x0000000000601000 0x28 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
0x0000000000601000 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
*(.igot.plt)
.igot.plt 0x0000000000601028 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
.data 0x0000000000601028 0x10
*(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*)
.data 0x0000000000601028 0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
0x0000000000601028 data_start
0x0000000000601028 __data_start
.data 0x000000000060102c 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
*fill* 0x000000000060102c 0x4
.data 0x0000000000601030 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
0x0000000000601030 __dso_handle
.data 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
.data 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
.data 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
.data 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
.tm_clone_table
0x0000000000601038 0x0
.tm_clone_table
0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
.tm_clone_table
0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
.data1
*(.data1)
0x0000000000601038 _edata = .
[!provide] PROVIDE (edata, .)
0x0000000000601038 . = .
0x0000000000601038 __bss_start = .
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.dynbss 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
*(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*)
.bss 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
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.bss 0x0000000000601039 0x0 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
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.bss 0x0000000000601039 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
.bss 0x0000000000601039 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
*(COMMON)
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.lbss
*(.dynlbss)
*(.lbss .lbss.* .gnu.linkonce.lb.*)
*(LARGE_COMMON)
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0x0000000000601040 . = SEGMENT_START ("ldata-segment", .)
.lrodata
*(.lrodata .lrodata.* .gnu.linkonce.lr.*)
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*(.ldata .ldata.* .gnu.linkonce.l.*)
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0x0000000000a01040 . = ALIGN (0x8)
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[!provide] PROVIDE (end, .)
0x0000000000a01040 . = DATA_SEGMENT_END (.)
.stab
*(.stab)
.stabstr
*(.stabstr)
.stab.excl
*(.stab.excl)
.stab.exclstr
*(.stab.exclstr)
.stab.index
*(.stab.index)
.stab.indexstr
*(.stab.indexstr)
.comment 0x0000000000000000 0x35
*(.comment)
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0x36 (size before relaxing)
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.comment 0x0000000000000035 0x36 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
.debug
*(.debug)
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*(.line)
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*(.debug_sfnames)
.debug_aranges
*(.debug_aranges)
.debug_pubnames
*(.debug_pubnames)
.debug_info
*(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*)
.debug_abbrev
*(.debug_abbrev)
.debug_line
*(.debug_line .debug_line.* .debug_line_end)
.debug_frame
*(.debug_frame)
.debug_str
*(.debug_str)
.debug_loc
*(.debug_loc)
.debug_macinfo
*(.debug_macinfo)
.debug_weaknames
*(.debug_weaknames)
.debug_funcnames
*(.debug_funcnames)
.debug_typenames
*(.debug_typenames)
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*(.debug_varnames)
.debug_pubtypes
*(.debug_pubtypes)
.debug_ranges
*(.debug_ranges)
.debug_macro
*(.debug_macro)
.gnu.attributes
*(.gnu.attributes)
/DISCARD/
*(.note.GNU-stack)
*(.gnu_debuglink)
*(.gnu.lto_*)
OUTPUT(gcc_create_map_file elf64-x86-64)
好了，本文对使用gcc生成map文件的方法就介绍到这里了，如有疑问的话，可以与博主联系哦。
版权申明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请注明出处！【Linux】如何使用gcc编译源代码时输出map文件？_架构师李肯-CSDN博客_gcc 生成map文件
原创作者：recan
电子邮箱：recan.szu@foxmail.com
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