python如何调用api_python调用接口方式

python中调用API的几种方式：

– urllib2

– requests

一、调用别人的接口

案例1、urllib2

importurllib2, urllib

github_url=’https://api.github.com/user/repos’password_manager=urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()

password_manager.add_password(None,github_url,’user’, ‘***’)

auth=urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)#create an authentication handler

opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth)#create an opener with the authentication handler

urllib2.install_opener(opener)#install the opener

…

request=urllib2.Request(github_url,

urllib.urlencode({‘name’: ‘Test repo’,’description’: ‘Some test repository’}))#Manual encoding required

handler =urllib2.urlopen(request)print handler.read()

案例2、requests

importrequests, json

github_url= “data = json.dumps({‘name’:’test’, ‘description’:’some test repo’})

r= requests.post(github_url, data, auth=(‘user’, ‘*****’))print r.json

importrequestsfrom lxml importetreefrom random importrandintdefget_joke():

url=”http://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/”+ str(randint(1,5))

r=requests.get(url)

tree=etree.HTML(r.text)

contentlist= tree.xpath(‘//div[@class=”content”]/span’)

jokes=[]for content incontentlist:

content= content.xpath(‘string(.)’) #string() 函数将所有子文本串联起来，# 必须传递单个节点，而不是节点集。

if ‘查看全文’ in content: #忽略包含“查看原文”笑话

continuejokes.append(content)

joke= jokes[randint(1, len(jokes))].strip()returnjokeif __name__ == “__main__”:

content=get_joke()print(content)

二、python一个http接口服务，给别人调用 —-之Flask

案例1、flask、get接口代码实现

#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

#flask

from flask importFlask, request, jsonify

app= Flask(__name__)

@app.route(‘/test’, methods=[“GET”])defcalculate():

a= request.args.get(“a”, 0)

b= request.args.get(“b”, 0)

c= int(a) +int(b)

res= {“result”: c}return jsonify(content_type=’application/json;charset=utf-8′,

reason=’success’,

charset=’utf-8′,

status=’200′,

content=res)if __name__ == ‘__main__’:

app.run(host=’0.0.0.0′,

threaded=True,

debug=False,

调用方式：

案例2、post接口flask

from flask importFlask, request, jsonify

app= Flask(__name__)

@app.route(‘/test’, methods=[“POST”])defcalculate():

params= request.form if request.form elserequest.jsonprint(params)

a= params.get(“a”, 0)

b= params.get(“b”, 0)

c= a +b

res= {“result”: c}return jsonify(content_type=’application/json;charset=utf-8′,

reason=’success’,

charset=’utf-8′,

status=’200′,

content=res)if __name__ == ‘__main__’:

app.run(host=’0.0.0.0′,

threaded=True,

debug=True,

port=8080)

调用方式

http://127.0.0.1:8080/test

最常用接口形式

POST API接口：importjsonimportrequestsif __name__ == ‘__main__’:

url= “http://127.0.0.1:9001/rsa/set_uplod”headers= {‘content-type’: ‘application/json’}

requestData= {“certificate_no”: “56565656565656”, “auth_code”: “123456”}

ret= requests.post(url, json=requestData, headers=headers)if ret.status_code == 200:

text=json.loads(ret.text)print(text)

get API 接口：importjsonimportrequestsif __name__ == ‘__main__’:

url= “http://127.0.0.1:9001/getSha1Test?message=APP000051527151133935949D49FDC0A86605313931B9BB9A4C87″ret=requests.get(url)if ret.status_code == 200:

text=json.loads(ret.text)print(text)

三、二、python一个http接口服务，给别人调用 —-之FastAPI

这次选择fastapi，FastAPI是一个现代的、快速(高性能)的web框架，用于基于标准Python类型提示使用Python 3.6+构建api。具有快速、快速编码、更少的错误、直观、简单、简便、健壮。简易而且本地win10能够跑起来。

二、FastAPI的get接口代码实现

1.  安装:  pip install fastapi

pip install uvicorn

#!/usr/bin/python

from fastapi importFastAPI

app=FastAPI()

@app.get(‘/test/a={a}/b={b}’)def calculate(a: int=None, b: int=None):

c= a +b

res= {“res”:c}returnresif __name__ == ‘__main__’:importuvicorn

uvicorn.run(app=app,

host=”0.0.0.0″,

port=8080,

workers=1)

from pydantic importBaseModelfrom fastapi importFastAPI

app=FastAPI()classItem(BaseModel):

a: int=None

b: int=None

@app.post(‘/test’)defcalculate(request_data: Item):

a=request_data.a

b=request_data.b

c= a +b

res= {“res”:c}returnresif __name__ == ‘__main__’:importuvicorn

uvicorn.run(app=app,

host=”0.0.0.0″,

port=8080,

workers=1)