From:http://bbs.taisha.org/viewthread.php?tid=503442 by
liuqinwei thanks!!!^_^
1.不规则复数形式
1)来自古英语的复数形式,如:
child—children foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese
man—men woman—women mouse—mice louse—lice
ox—oxen penny—pence analysis—analyses appendix—appendices
parenthesis—parentheses basis—bases ellipsis—ellipses
axis—axes hypothesis—hypotheses oasis—oases crisis—-crises
criterion—criteria phenomenon—phenomena datum—data medium—media
bacterium—bacteria nucleus—nuclei fungus—fungi stimulus—stimuli
alumnus—alumni focus—foci radius—radii terminus—termini
larva—larvae alga—algae formula—formulae
#当代美国英语中往往把data当做单数用,因此常见到复数形式datas。另外,lens是一个单数可数名词,其复数形式为lenses。
1)词尾读音为[f]并以-f或0-fe结尾的名词复数形式有以下几种情况:
a)规则形式:
belief—beliefs chief—-chiefs cliff—-cliffs grief—-griefs
b)不规则形式,即把-f或-fe变成-v,再加-es,读音为[vz]:
calf—calves half—halves leaf—-leaves life—-lives
loaf—loaves self—shelves thief—thieves wife—wives
wolf—wolves
c)既可是规则形式又可是不规则形式:
dwarf—dwarfs/dwarves hoof—hoofs/hoves
scarf—scarfs/scarves wharf—wharfs/wharves
3)词干以-o结尾的名次有三种情况:
a)附属形式为-s:这类词包括缩略词kilos,photos;表示国籍或民族的词Filipinos,Eskimos以及radios,solos,sopranos,
studios
b)复数形式为-es,如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,Negroes。
c)复数有规则的和不规则的两种形式,如:
cargo—cargos/cargoes mosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes volcano—volacbos/volcanoes
2.单复数同形的名词
1)某些动物名词,如:deer,grouse,salmon,trout,carp,bison,sheep等
2)以-ese或-ss结尾的表示民族或国籍的名词,如:Chinses,Japanese,Portuguese,Swiss,Vietnamese等
3)某些以-s结尾的名词,如:barracks,corps,crossroads,gallows,headquarters,means,series,species,works等
4)某些表示计量单位的名词,如:horsepower,hertz,kilohertz,li,mu等
其他一些名词,如:aircraft,spacercarft,craft,offspring等。其中请特别注意-s结尾的单复数同形的名词,它们是考试的重点!!
3.不可数名词
不可数名词前一般不需要加定冠词,永远不能加不定冠词!
例如下列用法均属错误:
the mathematics the banking a cloth an equipment
不可数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。
如:Water is important.
但如果不可数名词前面被piece,drop,set等词修饰时,谓语应该与piece,drop,set等的单复数形式保持一致
例如:Few drops of water are needed to save the flower.
下面是典型的不可数名词,是应该熟记的!!
air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,
lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity,energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,
garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper,
glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wi
sdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,
intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,homework,population,percent,
mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,architecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,
genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,
obsterics
请特别注意其中以-s结尾的不可数名词,大家平时应该积累遇到的不可数名词
!!注意下列可数名词!!
poet poem essay newspaper machine weapon scene photograph photographer
英语中有许多名词既可作可数,又可作不可数。如:hair作“人或动物的毛”的时候是可数名词,作头发解释时是不可数名词。判断一个词是否可数,除了记忆以外, 主要看题中该名词的修饰词来决定。如:much只能修饰不可数名词
4.单数形式和复数形式的词义不同的名词
英语中有些名词的复数形式的词义不同于单数形式,如:
air(空气)—air(气派) arm(手臂)—arms(武器) ash(灰)—ashes(骨灰;废墟)
authority(权利)—authorities(当局) cloth(织物)—clothes(衣服) content(含量)—contents(目录)
custom(习惯)—customs(海关;关税) damage(损害)—damages(赔偿金) force(力量)—forces(武装部队)
glass(玻璃)—glasses(眼镜) good(利益)—goods(货物) green(绿色)—greens(青菜)
letter(字母)—letters(文学) manner(方式)—manners(举止,仪态) minute(分钟)—minutes(记录)
pain(痛苦)—pains(劳苦) papaer(纸)—papers(文件) quarter(1/4)—quarter(宿舍)
spectacle(光景)—spectacles(眼镜) spirit(精神)— spirits(烈性酒) time(时间)—times(时代)
water(水)—waters(水域) wood(木头)—woods(森林) work(工作)—works(工厂)
总结
1.单数名词不能单独存在,一般前面应该有限定词修饰。
2.不定冠词a/an永远只能修饰单数可数名词。
3.every和each永远只能修饰单数可数名词。
但every+数词+复数名词是正确的,如:every ten years
4.序数词后面一般使用单数可数名词。
5.anther永远只修饰单数可数名词
但another+数词/few+复数名词是正确的,如:another eight years;another few books
6.other通常修饰复数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。
但the other+is/was 单数名词或any other+单数名词是正确的,如
We have two girls in this team.One is Mary,the other is Alice.
Henry Smith is taller than any other student in his class.
7.下列词和短语只能修饰复数名词
these,those,many,various,several,numerous,diverse,few,a few,both,a (good/large/great) number of,numbers of,one of
8.大于1的词数只能修饰复数名词
!!牢记的结构:one/two/many+of+限定词+复数名词!!
9.只能修饰单数可数名词的词:
one,anther,a/an,this,that,each,every,either,such a,many a
!!注意!!many student以及many a student
10.只能修饰复数可数名词的词:
>1的数字(two,six…..),hundred,thousand,million,both,several,many,few,a few,these,those,a (good/large/great) number of
numbers of,the numberof,numbers of,numerous,various,diverse,a series of,a wide range of,a collevtion of
11.只修饰不可数名词的词:
much,little,a litter,a great deal of,a great amount of,a piece of,an article of
12.既可修饰不可数又能修饰可数的词:
all (of) a lot of some (of) lots of any (of)
plenty of most (of) half (of) a wealth of (a) part of
enough (of) the rest of other one third of such
no a variety of
写在最后的话
名词其实是托福考试中的一个难点,要熟练掌握名词的单复数不是一件容易的事情,以上总结希望能给大家以帮助!!对于不可数名词的总结,希望大家一起来帮我收集!我将随时更新!!谢谢! 今天的文章英语复数名词的变化规则分享到此就结束了,感谢您的阅读。
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