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动词过去式变化规则分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则动词过去式的构成:
1、一般情况下,动词原形词尾加 -ed ,如:work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted
2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如:live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped
3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:stop ---stopped plan---planned
口诀:动词变过去式有规律,一般词尾加-ed.
如果结尾是哑e,只在后面加个-d.
结尾若是“辅+y”,把y变i加-ed。
若是重读闭音节,双写之后加-ed。
不规则动词过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
不规则动词图表:
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