别再用过时的方式了！全新版本Spring Security，这样用才够优雅！

前不久Spring Boot 2.7.0 刚刚发布，Spring Security 也升级到了5.7.1 。升级后发现，原来一直在用的Spring Security配置方法，居然已经被弃用了。不禁感慨技术更新真快，用着用着就被弃用了！今天带大家体验下Spring Security的最新用法，看看是不是够优雅！

SpringBoot实战电商项目mall（50k+star）地址：github.com/macrozheng/…

基本使用

我们先对比下Spring Security提供的基本功能登录认证，来看看新版用法是不是更好。

升级版本

首先修改项目的pom.xml文件，把Spring Boot版本升级至2.7.0版本。

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.7.0</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

旧用法

在Spring Boot 2.7.0 之前的版本中，我们需要写个配置类继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter，然后重写Adapter中的三个方法进行配置；

/** * SpringSecurity的配置 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class OldSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    private UmsAdminService adminService;

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {
        //省略HttpSecurity的配置
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService())
                .passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    }
    
    @Bean
    @Override
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
        return super.authenticationManagerBean();
    }

}

如果你在SpringBoot 2.7.0版本中进行使用的话，你就会发现WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter已经被弃用了，看样子Spring Security要坚决放弃这种用法了！

新用法

新用法非常简单，无需再继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter，只需直接声明配置类，再配置一个生成SecurityFilterChainBean的方法，把原来的HttpSecurity配置移动到该方法中即可。

/** * SpringSecurity 5.4.x以上新用法配置 * 为避免循环依赖，仅用于配置HttpSecurity * Created by macro on 2022/5/19. */
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig {

    @Bean
    SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {
        //省略HttpSecurity的配置
        return httpSecurity.build();
    }

}

新用法感觉非常简洁干脆，避免了继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter并重写方法的操作，强烈建议大家更新一波！

高级使用

升级 Spring Boot 2.7.0版本后，Spring Security对于配置方法有了大的更改，那么其他使用有没有影响呢？其实是没啥影响的，这里再聊聊如何使用Spring Security实现动态权限控制！

基于方法的动态权限

首先来聊聊基于方法的动态权限控制，这种方式虽然实现简单，但却有一定的弊端。

在配置类上使用@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity来开启它；

/** * SpringSecurity的配置 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class OldSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    
}

然后在方法中使用@PreAuthorize配置访问接口需要的权限；

/** * 商品管理Controller * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */
@Controller
@Api(tags = "PmsProductController", description = "商品管理")
@RequestMapping("/product")
public class PmsProductController {
    @Autowired
    private PmsProductService productService;

    @ApiOperation("创建商品")
    @RequestMapping(value = "/create", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('pms:product:create')")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody PmsProductParam productParam, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        int count = productService.create(productParam);
        if (count > 0) {
            return CommonResult.success(count);
        } else {
            return CommonResult.failed();
        }
    }
}

再从数据库中查询出用户所拥有的权限值设置到UserDetails对象中去，这种做法虽然实现方便，但是把权限值写死在了方法上，并不是一种优雅的做法。

/** * UmsAdminService实现类 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */
@Service
public class UmsAdminServiceImpl implements UmsAdminService {
    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username){
        //获取用户信息
        UmsAdmin admin = getAdminByUsername(username);
        if (admin != null) {
            List<UmsPermission> permissionList = getPermissionList(admin.getId());
            return new AdminUserDetails(admin,permissionList);
        }
        throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名或密码错误");
    }
}

基于路径的动态权限

其实每个接口对应的路径都是唯一的，通过路径来进行接口的权限控制才是更优雅的方式。

首先我们需要创建一个动态权限的过滤器，这里注意下doFilter方法，用于配置放行OPTIONS和白名单请求，它会调用super.beforeInvocation(fi)方法，此方法将调用AccessDecisionManager中的decide方法来进行鉴权操作；

/** * 动态权限过滤器，用于实现基于路径的动态权限过滤 * Created by macro on 2020/2/7. */
public class DynamicSecurityFilter extends AbstractSecurityInterceptor implements Filter {

    @Autowired
    private DynamicSecurityMetadataSource dynamicSecurityMetadataSource;
    @Autowired
    private IgnoreUrlsConfig ignoreUrlsConfig;

    @Autowired
    public void setMyAccessDecisionManager(DynamicAccessDecisionManager dynamicAccessDecisionManager) {
        super.setAccessDecisionManager(dynamicAccessDecisionManager);
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        FilterInvocation fi = new FilterInvocation(servletRequest, servletResponse, filterChain);
        //OPTIONS请求直接放行
        if(request.getMethod().equals(HttpMethod.OPTIONS.toString())){
            fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());
            return;
        }
        //白名单请求直接放行
        PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();
        for (String path : ignoreUrlsConfig.getUrls()) {
            if(pathMatcher.match(path,request.getRequestURI())){
                fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());
                return;
            }
        }
        //此处会调用AccessDecisionManager中的decide方法进行鉴权操作
        InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(fi);
        try {
            fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());
        } finally {
            super.afterInvocation(token, null);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }

    @Override
    public Class<?> getSecureObjectClass() {
        return FilterInvocation.class;
    }

    @Override
    public SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource() {
        return dynamicSecurityMetadataSource;
    }

}

接下来我们就需要创建一个类来继承AccessDecisionManager，通过decide方法对访问接口所需权限和用户拥有的权限进行匹配，匹配则放行；

/** * 动态权限决策管理器，用于判断用户是否有访问权限 * Created by macro on 2020/2/7. */
public class DynamicAccessDecisionManager implements AccessDecisionManager {

    @Override
    public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException, InsufficientAuthenticationException {
        // 当接口未被配置资源时直接放行
        if (CollUtil.isEmpty(configAttributes)) {
            return;
        }
        Iterator<ConfigAttribute> iterator = configAttributes.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            ConfigAttribute configAttribute = iterator.next();
            //将访问所需资源或用户拥有资源进行比对
            String needAuthority = configAttribute.getAttribute();
            for (GrantedAuthority grantedAuthority : authentication.getAuthorities()) {
                if (needAuthority.trim().equals(grantedAuthority.getAuthority())) {
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        throw new AccessDeniedException("抱歉，您没有访问权限");
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute configAttribute) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supports(Class<?> aClass) {
        return true;
    }

}

由于上面的decide方法中的configAttributes属性是从FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource的getAttributes方法中获取的，我们还需创建一个类继承它，getAttributes方法可用于获取访问当前路径所需权限值；

/** * 动态权限数据源，用于获取动态权限规则 * Created by macro on 2020/2/7. */
public class DynamicSecurityMetadataSource implements FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource {

    private static Map<String, ConfigAttribute> configAttributeMap = null;
    @Autowired
    private DynamicSecurityService dynamicSecurityService;

    @PostConstruct
    public void loadDataSource() {
        configAttributeMap = dynamicSecurityService.loadDataSource();
    }

    public void clearDataSource() {
        configAttributeMap.clear();
        configAttributeMap = null;
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAttributes(Object o) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (configAttributeMap == null) this.loadDataSource();
        List<ConfigAttribute>  configAttributes = new ArrayList<>();
        //获取当前访问的路径
        String url = ((FilterInvocation) o).getRequestUrl();
        String path = URLUtil.getPath(url);
        PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();
        Iterator<String> iterator = configAttributeMap.keySet().iterator();
        //获取访问该路径所需资源
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            String pattern = iterator.next();
            if (pathMatcher.match(pattern, path)) {
                configAttributes.add(configAttributeMap.get(pattern));
            }
        }
        // 未设置操作请求权限，返回空集合
        return configAttributes;
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAllConfigAttributes() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supports(Class<?> aClass) {
        return true;
    }

}

这里需要注意的是，所有路径对应的权限值数据来自于自定义的DynamicSecurityService；

/** * 动态权限相关业务类 * Created by macro on 2020/2/7. */
public interface DynamicSecurityService {
    /** * 加载资源ANT通配符和资源对应MAP */
    Map<String, ConfigAttribute> loadDataSource();
}

一切准备就绪，把动态权限过滤器添加到FilterSecurityInterceptor之前；

/** * SpringSecurity 5.4.x以上新用法配置 * 为避免循环依赖，仅用于配置HttpSecurity * Created by macro on 2022/5/19. */
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig {
    
    @Autowired
    private DynamicSecurityService dynamicSecurityService;
    @Autowired
    private DynamicSecurityFilter dynamicSecurityFilter;

    @Bean
    SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {
        //省略若干配置...
        //有动态权限配置时添加动态权限校验过滤器
        if(dynamicSecurityService!=null){
            registry.and().addFilterBefore(dynamicSecurityFilter, FilterSecurityInterceptor.class);
        }
        return httpSecurity.build();
    }

}

如果你看过这篇仅需四步，整合SpringSecurity+JWT实现登录认证！的话，就知道应该要配置这两个Bean了，一个负责获取登录用户信息，另一个负责获取存储的动态权限规则，为了适应Spring Security的新用法，我们不再继承SecurityConfig，简洁了不少！

/** * mall-security模块相关配置 * 自定义配置，用于配置如何获取用户信息及动态权限 * Created by macro on 2022/5/20. */
@Configuration
public class MallSecurityConfig {

    @Autowired
    private UmsAdminService adminService;

    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        //获取登录用户信息
        return username -> {
            AdminUserDetails admin = adminService.getAdminByUsername(username);
            if (admin != null) {
                return admin;
            }
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名或密码错误");
        };
    }

    @Bean
    public DynamicSecurityService dynamicSecurityService() {
        return new DynamicSecurityService() {
            @Override
            public Map<String, ConfigAttribute> loadDataSource() {
                Map<String, ConfigAttribute> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
                List<UmsResource> resourceList = adminService.getResourceList();
                for (UmsResource resource : resourceList) {
                    map.put(resource.getUrl(), new org.springframework.security.access.SecurityConfig(resource.getId() + ":" + resource.getName()));
                }
                return map;
            }
        };
    }

}