🎇🎇🎇新年快乐🎇🎇🎇
2020 鼠你最帅, 鼠你最强, 鼠你最棒, 鼠你最红, 鼠你最美, 鼠年吉祥
问与答
❓:你能学到什么?
🙋:sequelize-cli的使用以及sequelize的基础操作。
❓:为什么要使用sequelize-cli?
🙋:就像你使用Git/SVN来管理源代码的更改一样,你可以使用迁移来跟踪数据库的更改。
❓:为什么不将数据模型设计好再演示?
🙋:本文讲的是使用sequelize-cli和sequelize开发的过程。
❓:怎么会有这么多的代码?
🙋:每一步的代码我都贴了出来,只要按照流程做就能快速的完成一个示例。眼见为实,我相信这样学习的效果更好。
❓:怎么没有事务、作用域、数据类型等知识点?
🙋:这篇是入门教程,不过学会了这篇,事务、作用域理解起来更容易。
❓:为什么没有源代码?
🙋:做一遍一定比看一遍的效果好。
准备工作
1、初始化项目
cd 工程目录
npm init -y
2、安装模块
npm i koa koa-body koa-router mysql2 sequelize sequelize-cli -S
3、添加server.js文件
const Koa = require('koa');
const router = require('koa-router')();
const koaBody = require('koa-body');
const app = new Koa();
app.use(koaBody());
app.use(router.routes())
.use(router.allowedMethods('*'));
app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('server is listening on 3000...')
});
快速入门
1、新建.sequelizerc文件
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
'config': path.resolve('config', 'config.json'), //数据库连接配置文件
'models-path': path.resolve('db', 'models'), //模型文件
'seeders-path': path.resolve('db', 'seeders'), //种子文件
'migrations-path': path.resolve('db', 'migrations') //迁移文件
}
2、初始化
npx sequelize-cli init
3、编辑./db/config.js
"development": {
"username": "username",
"password": "password",
"database": "school", //数据库名称
"host": "127.0.0.1",
"dialect": "mysql",
"timezone": "+08:00" //设置时区为'东八区'
}
4、创建数据库
npx sequelize-cli db:create
5、生成student模型文件以及迁移文件
npx sequelize-cli model:generate --name student --attributes student_name:string,student_age:integer,student_sex:boolean
6、编辑./db/migrations/xxxxx-create-student.js
'use strict';
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.createTable('student', {
id: {
allowNull: false,
autoIncrement: true,
primaryKey: true,
type: Sequelize.INTEGER
},
student_name: {
type: Sequelize.STRING(10),
allowNull:false
},
student_age: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
allowNull:false
},
student_sex: {
type: Sequelize.BOOLEAN,
allowNull:false
}
});
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.dropTable('student');
}
};
打开xxxxx-create-student.你会发现createTable方法的第一个参数为students,这是由于sequelize会默认将表名称转换为复数形式,这里我将其修改为student,后面所有表名或模型名称都会使用单数形式。
7、生成名称为student的数据表
npx sequelize-cli db:migrate
8、生成student表种子文件
npx sequelize-cli seed:generate --name init-student
9、编辑./db/seeders/xxxxx-init-student.js文件
'use strict';
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkInsert('student', [{
student_name: '孙悟空',
student_age: 20,
student_sex: 1
},{
student_name: '白骨精',
student_age: 18,
student_sex: 0
},{
student_name: '猪八戒',
student_age: 16,
student_sex: 1
}])
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkDelete('student', null, {});
}
};
10、student表初始化数据
npx sequelize-cli db:seed:all
11、编辑.db/models/student.js
'use strict';
module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
const student = sequelize.define('student', {
student_name: DataTypes.STRING,
student_age: DataTypes.INTEGER,
student_sex: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
class_id:DataTypes.INTEGER
}, {
timestamps: false,//不自动添加时间字段(updatedAt,createdAt)
freezeTableName: true,// 使用模型名称的单数形式
underscored: true //列名添加下划线
});
student.associate = function(models) {};
return student;
};
12、编辑server.js文件
.....
const Student = require('./db/models').student;
//添加学生信息
router.post('/student', async ctx => {
ctx.body = await Student.create(ctx.request.body);
});
//更新学生信息
router.put('/student', async ctx => {
const { id } = ctx.request.body;
ctx.body = await Student.update(ctx.request.body, { where: { id } });
});
//获取学生列表
router.get('/students', async ctx => {
ctx.body = await Student.findAll();
});
//根据id删除学生信息
router.delete('/student/:id', async ctx => {
const { id } = ctx.params;
ctx.body = await Student.destroy({ where: { id } });
});
.....
13、启动服务并使用Postman测试
node server.js
模型关连
hasMany(一对多)
一个班级里面可以有多个学生,班级与学生的关系就是一对多。为了完成这个例子我们会做以下几件事情:
- 创建名称为_class的班级表
- _class班级表初始化数据
- student表添加列名为class_id的列
- 重新初始化student表数据
- 查询某个班级所有学生
让我们开始吧!
1、生成**_class**模型以及迁移文件
npx sequelize-cli model:generate --name _class --attributes class_name:string
2、修改./db/migrations/xxxxx-create-class.js
'use strict';
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.createTable('_class', {
id: {
allowNull: false,
autoIncrement: true,
primaryKey: true,
type: Sequelize.INTEGER
},
class_name: {
type: Sequelize.STRING(10),
allowNull:false
}
});
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.dropTable('_class');
}
};
3、生成**_class**表
npx sequelize-cli db:migrate
4、生成**_class**表种子文件
npx sequelize-cli seed:generate --name init-class
5、编辑./db/seeders/xxxxx-init-class.js
'use strict';
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkInsert('_class', [{
class_name: '一班'
}, {
class_name: '二班'
}, {
class_name: '三班'
}]);
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkDelete('_class', null, {});
}
};
6、_class表初始化数据
npx sequelize-cli db:seed --seed xxxxx-init-class.js
7、生成修改studnet表的迁移文件
npx sequelize-cli migration:generate --name add-column-class_id-to-student.js
8、编辑./db/migrations/xxxxx-add-column-class_id-to-student.js
'use strict';
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.addColumn('student', 'class_id', {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
allowNull:false
})
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
queryInterface.removeColumn('student', 'class_id', {});
}
};
9、修改student表
npx sequelize-cli db:migrate
10、重新生成student表种子文件
npx sequelize-cli seed:generate --name init-student-after-add-column-class_id
11、编辑./db/seeders/xxxxx-init-student-after-add-column-class_id.js文件
'use strict';
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkInsert('student', [{
student_name: '孙悟空',
student_age: 20,
student_sex: 1,
class_id: 1
}, {
student_name: '白骨精',
student_age: 18,
student_sex: 0,
class_id: 1
}, {
student_name: '猪八戒',
student_age: 16,
student_sex: 1,
class_id: 2
}, {
student_name: '唐僧',
student_age: 22,
student_sex: 1,
class_id: 1
}, {
student_name: '沙和尚',
student_age: 25,
student_sex: 1,
class_id: 1
}, {
student_name: '红孩儿',
student_age: 13,
student_sex: 1,
class_id: 2
}, {
student_name: '黑熊怪',
student_age: 26,
student_sex: 1,
class_id: 2
}, {
student_name: '太白金星',
student_age: 66,
student_sex: 1,
class_id: 3
}, {
student_name: '嫦娥',
student_age: 18,
student_sex: 0,
class_id: 3
}])
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkDelete('student', null, {});
}
};
12、撤销student表中已有的数据
npx sequelize-cli db:seed:undo --seed xxxxx-init-student.js
13、stuent表重新初始化数据
npx sequelize-cli db:seed --seed xxxxx-init-student-after-add-column-class_id.js
14、编辑./db/models/_class.js文件
'use strict';
module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
const _class = sequelize.define('_class', {
class_name: DataTypes.STRING
}, {
timestamps: false,
freezeTableName: true,
underscored: true
});
_class.associate = function (models) {
_class.hasMany(models.student);
};
return _class;
};
15、编辑server.js
...
const Class = require('./db/models')._class;
//获取班级信息以及班级里的所有学生
router.get('/classes', async ctx => {
//获取所有班级以及学生信息
ctx.body = await Class.findAll({ include: [Student] });
});
...
belongsTo(一对一)
一个学生只能属于一个班级,所以学生和班级的关系是一对一。
1、修改./db/models/student.js文件
...
student.associate = function(models) {
student.belongsTo(models._class); //一对一
};
...
2、修改server.js中获取学生列表的接口
...
//获取学生列表
router.get('/students', async ctx => {
ctx.body = await Student.findAll({ include: [Class] });
});
...
belongsTo VS hasOne
student.belongsTo(models._class)这里student叫做源模型,_class叫做目标模型。
student表中包含了_class表的外键class_id,也就是说外键在源模型上面所以我们使用belongsTo来创建关联。
hasOne和belongsTo都是用来创建一对一关联的,正确使用它们的方法就是看外键在哪个模型中。
- belongsTo关联外键在源模型上
- hasOne关联外键在目标模型上
belongsToMany(多对多)
一个班级可以有多名代课老师,一名代课老师可以带多个班级的课程。班级与老师的关系是多对多 为了完成此功能的演示,我们将做以下工作:
- 创建名称
让我们开始吧!
1、生成teacher模型以及迁移文件
npx sequelize-cli model:generate --name teacher --attributes teacher_name:string
2、修改./db/migrations/xxxxx-teacher-class.js
'use strict';
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.createTable('teacher', {
id: {
allowNull: false,
autoIncrement: true,
primaryKey: true,
type: Sequelize.INTEGER
},
teacher_name: {
type: Sequelize.STRING(10),
allowNull: false
}
});
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.dropTable('teacher');
}
};
3、生成teacher表
npx sequelize-cli db:migrate
4、生成teacher表种子文件
npx sequelize-cli seed:generate --name init-teacher
5、编辑./db/seeders/xxxxx-init-teacher.js
'use strict';
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkInsert('teacher', [{
teacher_name: '李老师'
}, {
teacher_name: '张老师'
}]);
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkDelete('teacher', null, {});
}
};
6、teacher表初始化数据
npx sequelize-cli db:seed --seed xxxxx-init-teacher.js
7、生成teacher_class模型以及迁移文件
npx sequelize-cli model:generate --name teacher_class --attributes teacher_id:integer,class_id:integer
8、编辑./db/migrations/xxxxx-create-teacher-class.js
'use strict';
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.createTable('teacher_class', {
id: {
allowNull: false,
autoIncrement: true,
primaryKey: true,
type: Sequelize.INTEGER
},
teacher_id: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
allowNull: false,
},
class_id: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
allowNull: false,
}
});
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.dropTable('teacher_class');
}
};
9、生成teacher_class表
npx sequelize-cli db:migrate
10、生成teacher_class表种子文件
npx sequelize-cli seed:generate --name init-teacher_class
11、编辑./db/seeders/xxxxx-init-teacher_class.js
'use strict';
/* 李老师带的班级为一班和二班。张老师带的班级为三班 */
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkInsert('teacher_class', [{
class_id: 1,
teacher_id: 1
}, {
class_id: 2,
teacher_id: 1
}, {
class_id: 3,
teacher_id: 2
}]);
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkDelete('teacher_class', null, {});
}
};
12、teacher_class表初始化数据
npx sequelize-cli db:seed --seed xxxxx-init-teacher_class.js
13、编辑./db/models/teacher.js
'use strict';
module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
const teacher = sequelize.define('teacher', {
teacher_name: DataTypes.STRING
}, {
timestamps: false,
freezeTableName: true,
underscored: true
});
teacher.associate = function (models) {
teacher.belongsToMany(models._class, {
through: models.teacher_class,
foreignKey: 'teacher_id',
});
};
return teacher;
};
14、编辑./db/models/_class.js
'use strict';
module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
const _class = sequelize.define('_class', {
class_name: DataTypes.STRING
}, {
timestamps: false,
freezeTableName: true,
underscored: true
});
_class.associate = function (models) {
_class.hasMany(models.student);
_class.belongsToMany(models.teacher, {
through: models.teacher_class,
foreignKey: 'class_id',
});
};
return _class;
};
15、编辑server.js
const Teacher = require('./db/models').teacher;
//获取老师信息以及老师所带的班级
router.get('/teachers', async ctx => {
//获取所有班级以及学生信息
ctx.body = await Teacher.findAll({ include: [Class] });
})
查询
基础查询
1、返回指定列
Student.findAll({
attributes: ['id', 'student_name']
});
// select id,student_name from student
2、单条件查询
Student.findAll({
where: {
id: 1
}
})
// select * from student where id = 1
3、AND
//返回id为1,姓名是`孙悟空`的学生信息
Student.findAll({
where: {
id: 4,
student_name:'孙悟空'
}
})
// select * from student where id = 1 and student_name = '孙悟空'
4、OR
//返回年龄等于12或者22的学生信息
Student.findAll({
where: {
student_age: {
[Op.or]: [12, 22]
}
}
})
// select * from student where studnet_age = 12 or studnet_age = 22
5、条件查询- >,>=,<,<=,=
// 返回年龄大于等于20的学生
Student.findAll({
where: {
student_age: {
[Op.gte]: 20
}
}
})
// select * from student where studnet_age >= 20
[Op.gt]: 6 //大于6
[Op.gte]: 6 //大于等于6
[Op.lt]: 10 //小于10
[Op.lte]: 10 //小于等于10
[Op.ne]: 20 //不等于20
[Op.eq]: 3 //等于3
6、IN
// 返回年龄是16和18的学生信息
Student.findAll({
where: {
student_age: {
[Op.in]: [16,18]
}
}
})
// select * from student where studnet_age in (16,18)
7、LIKE
// 返回名称包含'孙'的学生信息
Student.findAll({
where: {
student_name: {
[Op.like]: '%孙%',
}
}
})
// select * from student where studnet_name like '%孙%'
聚合函数
1、获取学生的平均年龄
Student.findAll({
attributes: [[sequelize.fn('AVG', sequelize.col('student_age')), 'avg']]
})
2、获取学生总数
Student.findAll({
attributes: [[sequelize.fn('COUNT', sequelize.col('id')), 'count']]
})
嵌套查询
1、获取一班所有的学生并根据年龄降序排列
Class.findAll({
include: [{model: Student}],
where:{id:1},
order:[[Student,'student_age', 'DESC']]
});
参考
今天的文章Node.js后端开发系列之sequelize零基础快速入门实战分享到此就结束了,感谢您的阅读。
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