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思科静态路由配置

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思科静态路由配置1.配置静态路由路由器可以将不同网段之间的网络连接到一起，当路由器接收到数据包后要查看数据包中的目标IP，再检查自己的路由表，如果路由表中有和目标IP相匹配的路由条目，路由器才能将数据包按照该路由条目所指定的端口转发出去，实现不同网络之间的通信，那么路由器中的路由表是如何实现的呢？配置了路由器接口IP并为UP状态路由表中自动生成直连路由，对于非直连的路由，需通过静态路由管理员手工添加或通过配置动…

1.配置静态路由
路由器可以将不同网段之间的网络连接到一起，当路由器接收到数据包后要查看数据包中的目标IP，再检查自己的路由表，如果路由表中有和目标IP相匹配的路由条目，路由器才能将数据包按照该路由条目所指定的端口转发出去，实现不同网络之间的通信，那么路由器中的路由表是如何实现的呢？配置了路由器接口IP并为UP状态路由表中自动生成直连路由，对于非直连的路由，需通过静态路由管理员手工添加或通过配置动态路自动学习。
配置静态路由
配置浮动静态路由
配置缺省路由
网络环境及IP地址规划
图－１
本例中的配置练习采用思科模拟器 —— Cisco Packet Tracer 6.0，Route采用2621路由器实现。
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
在这里插入图片描述

R1上配置接口IP

> R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 
> R1(config-if)#no shutdown  
> R1(config-if)#exit 
> R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
> R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 
> R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R2上配置接口IP

> R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 R2(config-if)#ip address192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 
> R2(config-if)#no shutdown 
>  R2config-if)#exit 
>  R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 R2(config-if)#ip addres 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0 
>  R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R1上添加静态路由

> R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

R1上查看路由表

> R1#show ip route  Codes:
>  C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
>        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
>        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
>        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
>        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
>        * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
>        P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set
>         C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 
>        C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 
>        S    192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //S表示静态路由

R2上添加静态路由

> R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

R2上查看路由条目

> R2#show ip route  Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP,
> M - mobile, B - BGP
>        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
>        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
>        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
>        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
>        * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
>        P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set
 S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1          //S表示静态路由 
 C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 
 C      192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

配置PC1的IP地址为192.168.1.1，网关为192.168.1.254
配置PC2的IP地址为192.168.3.1，网关为192.168.3.254

测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.3.1

> PC>ping 192.168.3.1
 Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: 
 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126 
 Reply from 192.168.3.1:bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126 
 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=10msTTL=126 
 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126 
> Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
>     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss)
>  Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
>     Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 8ms

配置浮动静态路由
1）在以上静态路由实验的基础上，先分别进入R1与R2的特权模式输入write命令保存配置信息，然后分别进入R1与R2的物理配置界面，点击开关按钮关闭路由器，添加NM-1FE-TX模块并再次点击开关按钮，

2）添加模块后将R1的F1/0接口连接到R2的F1/0接口修改拓扑
在这里插入图片描述

3 配置R1的F1/0接口IP

> R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 
> R1(config-if)#no shutdown

4 配置R2的F1/0接口IP

> R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
>  R2(config-if)#no shutdown

5 R1上添加静态浮动路由

> R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.2 50

6 R2上添加静态浮动路由

> R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1 50

7 R1上查看路由表

> R1#show ip route  Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP,
> M - mobile, B - BGP
>        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
>        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
>        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
>        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
>        * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
>        P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C   
>         192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C  
> 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 S  
> 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 C   
> 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

> R1#show ip rou
>  R1#show ip route 
>  Codes: C - connected, S - static, I -
> IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
>        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
>        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
>        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
>        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
>        * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
>        P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C    
>        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C  
> 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 S  
>   192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2  //只有下一跳为192.168.2.2的静态路由 C    
>   192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

8 禁用F/01接口

> R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
>  R1(config-if)#shutdown

9 R1上查看路由表

> C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0   
>  S   192.168.3.0/24 [50/0] via 192.168.4.2//下一跳接口为192.168.4.2的路由生效 
>  C   192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

10 测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.3.1

> PC>ping 192.168.3.1  
>  Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: 
>  Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
>   Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
>    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126 
>    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126 
>    Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
>     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
>      Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
>     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 5ms

配置缺省路由
1 网络环境及IP地址规划，如图-4所示
在这里插入图片描述

2 R1上配置接口IP

> Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 
> R1(config-if)#ip address192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 
> R1(config-if)#no shutdown  
> R1(config-if)#exit 
> R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
> R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 
> R1(config-if)#no shutdown

3 R2上配置接口IP

> R2(config)#interface f0/1 
> R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 
> R2(config-if)#no shutdown  
> R2(config-if)#exit 
> R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 
> R2(config-if)#ip addres 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 
> R2(config-if)#no shutdown

4 R3上配置接口IP

R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown 
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown

5 R1、R2、R3上分别添加静态路由

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

6 R1上查看路由表

R1#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S    192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2    //静态路由
S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2    //静态路由

7 R2上查看路由表

R2#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1    //静态路由
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2    //静态路由

8 R3上查看路由表

R3#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1    //静态路由
S    192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1    //静态路由
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

9 配置PC的IP地址

这个配置不用命令只需要自己点开电脑软件里的pc机直接配置就好

10 测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.2.2、192.168.3.1、192.168.3.2、192.168.4.1
PC>ping ping 192.168.2.2、192.168.3.1、192.168.3.2、192.168.4.1 以此类推ping下去如果都是以下命令就都通了

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

11 R1、R3取消静态路由

R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

12 R1、R3添加默认路由

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1

13 最后分别查看一下R1的路由表和R3的路由表、在测试一下网络连通性没有问题就可以了

今天的文章思科静态路由配置分享到此就结束了，感谢您的阅读。

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