ubuntu搭建ftp服务器-按部就班就好 (躺坑后亲测成功)

安装完成之后通过用户密码登录ftp服务器，登入目录为用户的家目录。可从家目录中切换进入家目录下属子目录

本教程设置了一个专门用于ftp的用户 — ftpuser，家目录是/home/ftp，家目录下有两个文件夹：Down、Up。

Down仅可下载，Up可下载、上传、删除。同时每隔一天将Up中文件移动到 Down 文件夹

其它本地用户可以登录到自己的家目录

1、安装vsftp

 sudo apt install vsftpd

2、修改配置文件（在修改之前最好备份一下：sudo cp  /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.cp）

sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

编辑配置文件如下：

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd’s
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 “any” address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd’s)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages – messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using “root” for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command “SIZE /big/file” in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot’ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the “-R” option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as “ncftp” and “mirror” assume
# the presence of the “-R” option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd’s settings don’t fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES

3、创建 ftpuser 用户：

sudo useradd -d /home/ftp -s /bin/bash ftpuser

4、给 ftpuser添加密码：

sudo passwd ftpuser

5、创建 ftpuser的家目录并将其所属用户和所属组改为 ftpuser

sudo mkdir /home/ftp

sudo chown ftpuser:ftpuser /home/ftp

6、修改 /home/ftp 权限（因为要在里面创建Down 和 Up目录，且其不能被 ftpusers 删除，所以应该限制 /home/ftp 写权限）

sudo chmod 555  /home/ftp

7、在 /home/ftp 下创建 Down 和 Up目录，Down仅可下载，Up可下载、上传、删除。

sudo mkdir /home/ftp/Down          

sudo chown ftpuser:ftpuser /home/ftp/Down   #同样需要修改其用户组和拥有者为 ftpuser

sudo mkdir /home/ftp/Up

sudo chown ftpuser:ftpuser /home/ftp/Down

sudo chmod 555 /home/ftp/Down   #修改 Down 目录下文件仅能下载

sudo chmod 777 /home/ftp/Down  #修改 Up 目录下能下载、上传、删除

8、创建vsftpd.chroot_list文件并添加可ftp的用户

sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

在里面添加可登录 ftp 的用户，一行一个用户名。ftpuser 添加进去。

9、重启vsftp服务

 sudo service vsftpd restart

10、大功告成

直接windows资源管理器输入 ftp://  + ubuntu主机 ip 

然后输入用户名密码。

11、附加功能（可选），定时将Up中文件移动到Down中

（1）sudo crontab -e

（2）选择编辑器时最好选 vim 输入数字就可以了。

（3）最后一行添加：0 0 * * * mv /home/ftp/Up/* /home/ftp/Down 

#说明：命令前可以输入五个数字，分别代表（ * 代表任意 ）：

分钟　（0-59）

小時　（0-23）

日期　（1-31）

月份　（1-12）

星期　（0-6） #0 表示星期天

则 0 0 * * * mv /home/ftp/Up/* /home/ftp/Down 代表在0分0时的任意一天移动Up中的文件到Down下

完！

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