一、问题描述
（一） 开发要求
1. 采用数据文件保存数据，而不是每次重新输入数据。
2. 实现基本的查询、插入、删除、修改功能，在此基础上可增加高级操作 （例如排序、统计等）。
3. 交互界面设计要直观体现系统功能选择，并可循环调用。
（二）设计要求
设计并实现一个人事管理系统，需要实现基本的信息添加、删除、查询、修改以及显示，并将所有信息存储在数据文件中。通过上述的开发要求，做如下的设计：
1. 可以将职员信息添加在数据文件中；
2. 可以进行单独或者整体的职员信息删除操作；
3. 可以通过编号或者姓名对职员信息进行查找；
4. 可以修改职员的信息并将其存储在数据文件中；
5. 可以统计并显示总体的职员人数。
（三）系统开发语言及开发环境的介绍
本项目开发是基于python的GUI界面进行开发，开发语言为python语言。系统运行要求为Windows7以上，开发利用的编程环境为PyCharm 2020.1.2 x64版本。
代码实现：
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import font
from tkinter import messagebox
from os import path
from os import remove
# 添加、编辑职员信息弹出框类
class PopupWindow(object):
# 初始化构造及添加组件到弹出框
def __init__(self, master, main_window, title, contact=None):
self.main_window = main_window
top = self.top = Toplevel(master)
top.title(title)
top.resizable(False, False)
w = 280
h = 500
top.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (w, h, (ws - w) / 2, (hs - h) / 2))
top.bind('<Escape>', lambda event: top.destroy())
m_font = font.Font(size=16)
l = Label(top, text="编号：", font=m_font)
l.pack(side=TOP, pady=5)
self.e1 = Entry(top)
self.e1.pack(side=TOP, padx=16, ipady=3, fill=X)
self.e1.focus()
if contact is not None:
self.e1.insert(0, contact.number)
l2 = Label(top, text="姓名：", font=m_font)
l2.pack(side=TOP, pady=5)
self.e2 = Entry(top)
self.e2.pack(side=TOP, padx=16, ipady=3, fill=X)
if contact is not None:
self.e2.insert(0, contact.name)
l2 = Label(top, text="性别：", font=m_font)
l2.pack(side=TOP, pady=5)
self.e3 = Entry(top)
self.e3.pack(side=TOP, padx=16, ipady=3, fill=X)
if contact is not None:
self.e3.insert(0, contact.sex)
l2 = Label(top, text="出生日期：", font=m_font)
l2.pack(side=TOP, pady=5)
self.e4 = Entry(top)
self.e4.pack(side=TOP, padx=16, ipady=3, fill=X)
if contact is not None:
self.e4.insert(0, contact.birth)
l2 = Label(top, text="入职时间：", font=m_font)
l2.pack(side=TOP, pady=5)
self.e5 = Entry(top)
self.e5.pack(side=TOP, padx=16, ipady=3, fill=X)
if contact is not None:
self.e5.insert(0, contact.entry_time)
l2 = Label(top, text="职位：", font=m_font)
l2.pack(side=TOP, pady=5)
self.e6 = Entry(top)
self.e6.pack(side=TOP, padx=16, ipady=3, fill=X)
if contact is not None:
self.e6.insert(0, contact.position)
l2 = Label(top, text="工资：", font=m_font)
l2.pack(side=TOP, pady=5)
self.e7 = Entry(top)
self.e7.pack(side=TOP, padx=16, ipady=3, fill=X)
if contact is not None:
self.e7.insert(0, contact.salary)
if contact is None:
b2 = Button(top, text='添加', width=12, command=lambda: self.add_click(None))
self.e7.bind('<Return>', self.add_click)
else:
b2 = Button(top, text='编辑', width=12, command=lambda: self.edit_click(None))
self.e7.bind('<Return>', self.edit_click)
b2.pack(side=LEFT, pady=10, padx=20)
b3 = Button(top, text='取消', width=12, command=lambda: top.destroy())
b3.pack(side=RIGHT, pady=10, padx=20)
top.grab_set()
# 点击编辑职员信息按钮
def edit_click(self, event):
e1_number= self.e2.get()
if not e1_number:
messagebox.showinfo("出错了", '名字不能为空！')
return
e2_name = self.e3.get()
if not e2_name:
messagebox.showinfo("出错了", '性别不能为空！')
return
e3_name = self.e3.get()
e4_name = self.e4.get()
e5_name = self.e5.get()
e6_name = self.e6.get()
e7_name = self.e7.get()
self.main_window.edit_value(e1_number, e2_name, e3_name, e4_name, e5_name, e6_name, e7_name)
self.top.destroy()
# 点击添加职员信息按钮
def add_click(self, event):
e1_name= self.e1.get()
if not e1_name:
messagebox.showinfo("出错了", '编号不能为空！')
return
e2_name = self.e2.get()
if not e2_name:
messagebox.showinfo("出错了", '姓名不能为空！')
return
e3_name = self.e3.get()
e4_name = self.e4.get()
e5_name = self.e5.get()
e6_name = self.e6.get()
e7_name = self.e7.get()
self.main_window.add_value(e1_name, e2_name, e3_name, e4_name, e5_name, e6_name, e7_name)
self.top.destroy()
# 主界面类
class MainWindow(object):
# 默认初始化构造
def __init__(self, root):
self.contacts = []
self.root = root
self.add_btn_widget()
self.add_search_widget()
self.add_listbox_widget()
self.add_statusbar_widget()
self.read_save_contacts()
self.sel_item = 0
# 添加操作按钮
def add_btn_widget(self):
frame = Frame(self.root)
frame.pack(pady=8)
self.addBtn = Button(frame, text='添加职员信息', width=10, command=lambda: self.popup("添加职员信息"))
self.addBtn.pack(padx=5, fill=X, side=LEFT)
self.delAllBtn = Button(frame, text='删除所有信息', width=10, command=self.del_all_contacts)
self.delAllBtn.pack(padx=5, fill=X, side=LEFT)
self.saveAllBtn = Button(frame, text='保存所有信息', width=10, command=self.save_all_contacts)
self.saveAllBtn.pack(padx=5, fill=X, side=LEFT)
# 添加搜索框
def add_search_widget(self):
frame = Frame(self.root)
frame.pack(pady=8)
entry1 = self.input_view = Entry(frame, width=34)
entry1.insert(0, '输入部分姓名按回车查询')
entry1.bind("<Button-1>", self.click_input)
entry1.bind("<FocusOut>", self.focusout_input)
entry1.bind('<Return>', self.search_contact)
entry1.bind('<Escape>', self.cancel_search)
entry1.pack(ipady=3, padx=5, side=LEFT)
entry1.selection_range(0, len(entry1.get()))
entry1.focus()
command4 = self.search_btn = Button(frame, text='清空输入', width=15, command=lambda: self.cancel_search(None))
command4["state"] = "disabled"
assert isinstance(LEFT, object)
command4.pack(padx=5, side=LEFT)
# 点击输入框清空内容
def click_input(self, event):
if self.input_view.get() == '输入部分编号或姓名按回车查询':
self.input_view.delete(0, END)
# 输入框失去焦点时
def focusout_input(self, event):
if len(self.input_view.get()) == 0:
self.input_view.insert(0, '输入部分编号或姓名按回车查询')
# 添加列表及滚动条
def add_listbox_widget(self):
frame = Frame(self.root)
frame.pack(pady=8)
bolded = font.Font(size=20)
self.lb = Listbox(frame, font=bolded, height=14, width=25, borderwidth=0)
scrollbar = Scrollbar(frame, orient=VERTICAL)
scrollbar.config(command=self.lb.yview)
scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
self.lb.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set, activestyle='none')
scrollbar2 = Scrollbar(frame, orient=HORIZONTAL)
scrollbar2.config(command=self.lb.xview)
scrollbar2.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
self.lb.config(xscrollcommand=scrollbar2.set, activestyle='none')
self.lb.pack(fill=BOTH)
self.lb.bind('<Double-1>', self.dbclick)
self.lb.bind('<Button-3>', self.rclick_popup)
# 添加界面底部职员人数
def add_statusbar_widget(self):
frame = Frame(self.root)
frame.pack(pady=8, side=LEFT)
self.label = Label(frame, text='>系统现有 0 位职员<')
self.label.pack()
# 右键菜单
def rclick_popup(self, event):
a_menu = Menu(self.root, tearoff=0)
a_menu.add_command(label='编辑选中的职员信息', command=self.edit_contact)
a_menu.add_command(label='删除选中的职员信息', command=self.del_contact)
a_menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)
# 右键编辑选中的职员信息
def edit_contact(self):
selection = self.lb.curselection()
if len(selection) == 0:
messagebox.showerror("出错了", '请先左键选中待操作的职员信息！')
return
self.sel_item = selection[0]
self.right_clidk_reset()
contact = self.contacts[self.sel_item]
self.popup("编辑职员信息", contact=contact)
# 右键删除选中的职员信息
def del_contact(self):
selection = self.lb.curselection()
if len(selection) == 0:
messagebox.showerror("出错了", '请先左键选中待操作的职员信息！')
return
self.right_clidk_reset()
answer = messagebox.askyesno("提示", "您确定要删除此职员信息吗？")
if answer:
self.lb.delete(self.sel_item, self.sel_item)
self.contacts.pop(self.sel_item)
self.label.config(text='系统现有 %d 位职员' % len(self.contacts))
messagebox.showinfo('提示', '职员信息从列表删除成功！\n若需要保存操作结果，请点击“保存所有职员信息”')
# 若是搜索后右键，则操作重置列表
def right_clidk_reset(self, is_dbclick=False):
b_text = self.search_btn["state"]
if b_text == "normal":
ic = -1
item = self.lb.selection_get()
if not is_dbclick:
self.cancel_search(None)
for ct in self.contacts:
ic += 1
if (ct.name in item) and (ct.phone_number in item):
break
self.sel_item = ic
self.lb.selection_set(ic, ic)
# 双击职员信息条目查看详细信息
def dbclick(self, event):
selection = self.lb.curselection()
self.sel_item = selection[0]
self.right_clidk_reset(is_dbclick=True)
contact = self.contacts[self.sel_item]
wp = contact.sex if len(contact.sex) != 0 else '空'
em = contact.birth if len(contact.birth) != 0 else '空'
ab=contact.entry_time if len(contact.entry_time) != 0 else '空'
lh=contact.position if len(contact.position) != 0 else '空'
mn=contact.salary if len(contact.salary) != 0 else '空'
msg = '编号：%s\n姓名：%s\n性别：%s\n出生日期：%s\n入职时间：%s\n职位：%s\n工资：%s\n' % (contact.number, contact.name, wp, em,ab,lh,mn)
messagebox.showinfo("详细信息", msg)
# 添加、编辑员工信息弹窗
def popup(self, title, contact=None):
self.cancel_search(None)
self.w = PopupWindow(self.root, self, title, contact)
self.addBtn["state"] = "disabled"
self.root.wait_window(self.w.top)
self.addBtn["state"] = "normal"
# 删除所有员工信息
def del_all_contacts(self):
self.cancel_search(None)
answer = messagebox.askyesno("提示", "您确定要删除所有信息吗？")
if answer:
self.contacts.clear()
self.lb.delete(0, END)
remove("contacts.csv")
self.label.config(text='系统现有 %d 位职员' % len(self.contacts))
# 保存职员信息到文件
def save_all_contacts(self):
self.cancel_search(None)
f = open("contacts.csv", "w", encoding='utf-8')
for contact in self.contacts:
str = '{},{},{},{}\n'.format(contact.number, contact.name, contact.sex, contact.birth, contact.entry_time,
contact.position, contact.salary)
f.write(str)
f.close()
messagebox.showinfo('提示', '保存 %d 位职员信息到文件成功！' % len(self.contacts))
# 读取保存在文件的职员信息
def read_save_contacts(self):
if not path.exists('contacts.csv'):
return
f = open("contacts.csv", "r", encoding='utf-8')
for line in f:
array = line.strip().split(',')
contact = Contact(array[0], array[1], array[2], array[3], array[4], array[5], array[6])
self.contacts.append(contact)
self.lb.insert(END, '编号：%s 姓名：%s性别：%s出生日期：%s入职时间：%s职位：%s工资：%s' % (contact.number, contact.name,contact.sex, contact.birth, contact.entry_time, contact.position, contact.salary))
self.label.config(text='系统现有 %d 位职员' % len(self.contacts))
f.close()
# 添加职员信息回调
def add_value(self, number, name, sex, birth, entry_time, position, salary):
contact = Contact(number, name, sex, birth, entry_time, position, salary)
self.contacts.append(contact)
self.lb.insert(END, '编号：%s 姓名：%s性别：%s出生日期：%s入职时间：%s职位：%s工资：%s' % (contact.number, contact.name,contact.sex, contact.birth, contact.entry_time, contact.position, contact.salary))
self.label.config(text='系统现有 %d 位职员' % len(self.contacts))
# 编辑职员信息回调
def edit_value(self, number, name, sex, birth, entry_time, position, salary):
contact = self.contacts[self.sel_item]
contact.number = number
contact.name = name
contact.sex = sex
contact.birth = birth
contact.entry_time = entry_time
contact.position = position
contact.salary = salary
self.lb.delete(0, END)
for contact in self.contacts:
self.lb.insert(END, '编号：%s 姓名：%s性别：%s出生日期：%s入职时间：%s职位：%s工资：%s' % (contact.number, contact.name,contact.sex, contact.birth, contact.entry_time, contact.position, contact.salary))
self.label.config(text='系统现有 %d 位职员' % len(self.contacts))
# 搜索职员信息方法
def search_contact(self, event):
self.search_btn["state"] = "normal"
self.lb.delete(0, END)
key = self.input_view.get().strip()
ci = 0
for contact in self.contacts:
if (key in contact.number) or (key in contact.name):
self.lb.insert(END, '编号：%s 姓名：%s性别：%s出生日期：%s入职时间：%s职位：%s工资：%s' % (contact.number, contact.name,contact.sex, contact.birth, contact.entry_time, contact.position, contact.salary))
ci += 1
self.label.config(text='查询到 %d 位职员' % ci)
# 取消搜索
def cancel_search(self, event):
b_state = self.search_btn["state"]
if b_state == "normal":
self.search_btn["state"] = "disabled"
self.lb.delete(0, END)
self.input_view.delete(0, END)
self.input_view.insert(0, '输入部分编号或姓名按回车查询')
for contact in self.contacts:
self.lb.insert(END, '编号：%s 姓名：%s性别：%s出生日期：%s入职时间：%s职位：%s工资：%s' % (contact.number, contact.name,contact.sex, contact.birth, contact.entry_time, contact.position, contact.salary))
self.label.config(text='系统现有 %d 位职员' % len(self.contacts))
self.input_view.selection_range(0, len(self.input_view.get()))
# 职员类对象
class Contact:
def __init__(self, number: object, name: object, sex: object, birth: object, entry_time: object, position: object,
salary: object ) -> object:
"""
:rtype: object
"""
self.number = number
self.name = name
self.sex = sex
self.birth = birth
self.entry_time = entry_time
self.position = position
self.salary = salary
# 程序启动入口
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = Tk()
root.wm_resizable(False, False)
root.title('人事管理系统')
w = 380
h = 560
ws = root.winfo_screenwidth()
hs = root.winfo_screenheight()
root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (w, h, (ws - w) / 2, (hs - h) / 2))
m = MainWindow(root)
root.mainloop()
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