实现多线程有以下四种方式
实现多线程有以下四种方式:
1. 继承Thread类
2.实现Runnable接口
3.实现Callable接口
4.线程池:提供了一个线程队列,队列中保存着所有等待状态的线程。避免了创建与销毁额外开销,提高了响应的速度。
体系结构:
java.util.concurrent.Executor : 负责线程的使用与调度的根接口
|–ExecutorService 子接口: 线程池的主要接口
|–ThreadPoolExecutor 线程池的实现类
|–ScheduledExecutorService 子接口:负责线程的调度
|–ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor :继承 ThreadPoolExecutor, 实现 ScheduledExecutorService *
工具类 : Executors
ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool() : 创建固定大小的线程池
ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() : 缓存线程池,线程池的数量不固定,可以根据需求自动的更改数量。
ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() : 创建单个线程池。线程池中只有一个线程
ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool() : 创建固定大小的线程,可以延迟或定时的执行任务。
1) 继承Thread类
package com.lxj.juc; public class TestThread { public static void main(String[] args) { ThreadDemo threadDemo = new ThreadDemo(); threadDemo.start(); } } class ThreadDemo extends Thread{ @Override public void run() { boolean flag = false; for(int i = 3 ; i < 100 ; i ++) { flag = false; for(int j = 2; j <= Math.sqrt(i) ; j++) { if(i % j == 0) { flag = true; break; } } if(flag == false) { System.out.print(i+" "); } } } }
运行结果:
3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97
2)实现Runnable接口
package com.lxj.juc; public class TestRunnable { public static void main(String[] args) { RunnableDemo runnableDemo = new RunnableDemo(); new Thread(runnableDemo).start(); } } class RunnableDemo implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { boolean flag = false; for(int i = 3 ; i < 100 ; i ++) { flag = false; for(int j = 2; j <= Math.sqrt(i) ; j++) { if(i % j == 0) { flag = true; break; } } if(flag == false) { System.out.print(i+" "); } } } }
运行结果:
3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97
3)实现Callable接口
package com.lxj.juc; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask; public class TestCallable1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { CallableDemo callableDemo = new CallableDemo(); FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask<>(callableDemo); new Thread(futureTask).start(); List<Integer> lists = (List<Integer>)futureTask.get(); //获取返回值 for (Integer integer : lists) { System.out.print(integer + " "); } } } class CallableDemo implements Callable<List<Integer>>{ @Override public List<Integer> call() throws Exception { boolean flag = false; List<Integer> lists = new ArrayList<>(); for(int i = 3 ; i < 100 ; i ++) { flag = false; for(int j = 2; j <= Math.sqrt(i) ; j++) { if(i % j == 0) { flag = true; break; } } if(flag == false) { lists.add(i); } } return lists; } }
运行结果:
3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97
4) 线程池
package com.lxj.juc; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class TestThreadPool { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); List<Future<List<Integer>>> ints = new ArrayList<>(); for(int i = 0 ; i < 5; i ++) { Future<List<Integer>> future = executorService.submit(new Callable<List<Integer>>() { @Override public List<Integer> call() throws Exception { boolean flag = false; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "); List<Integer> lists = new ArrayList<>(); for(int i = 3 ; i < 100 ; i ++) { flag = false; for(int j = 2; j <= Math.sqrt(i) ; j++) { if(i % j == 0) { flag = true; break; } } if(flag == false) { lists.add(i); } } return lists; } }); ints.add(future); } for (Future<List<Integer>> future : ints) { System.out.println(future.get()); } } } class ThreadPoolDemo { }
运行结果:
pool-1-thread-2
pool-1-thread-5
pool-1-thread-3
pool-1-thread-1
pool-1-thread-4
[3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97]
[3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97]
[3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97]
[3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97]
[3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97]
以上即为创建多线程的4种方式。
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