文章目录
当我们在linux上部署自己开发的项目程序时，项目代码与依赖库完整拷贝过去之后，直接运行我们自己的可执行程序，往往提示找不到所相关的.so库，会报错。
系统只会去默认搜寻目录(/lib和/usr/lib)下, 以及动态库配置文件(/etc/ld.so.conf和/etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf)里所列的目录下, 搜索可共享的动态库(格式如lib*.so*), 进而创建出动态装入程序*(ld.so)*所需的连接和缓存文件。因此，需要我们手动将路径添加进去。
1. 利用ldd查看可执行程序（动态库）的依赖库
使用 ldd -r XXX 查询动态库的依赖。关于undefined symbol使用 C++filt 查看
[user@localhost dist]$ ldd /usr/bin/bash
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffdbe9e0000)
libtinfo.so.5 => /lib64/libtinfo.so.5 (0x00007fa7da66c000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fa7da468000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fa7da09a000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fa7da896000)
[user@localhost ocr_server]$ ldd libgims.so
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffca0de1000)
libopencv_imgproc.so.405 => /usr/local/lib64/libopencv_imgproc.so.405 (0x00007f6dbb5ce000)
libopencv_core.so.405 => /usr/local/lib64/libopencv_core.so.405 (0x00007f6dba3df000)
libopencv_imgcodecs.so.405 => /usr/local/lib64/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.405 (0x00007f6db9e57000)
libonnxruntime.so.1.11.1 => /home/user/onnxruntime/lib/libonnxruntime.so.1.11.1 (0x00007f6db8fef000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f6db8ce7000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f6db89e5000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f6db87cf000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f6db8401000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f6db81e5000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f6db7fe1000)
libpng15.so.15 => /lib64/libpng15.so.15 (0x00007f6db7998000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f6dbd551000)
[wangsp@localhost ocr_server]$ ldd libASL_gcn_label.so `{
部署到生产环境出现错误：not found}`
linux-vdso.so.1 => not found
libopencv_imgproc.so.405 => not found
libopencv_core.so.405 => not found
libopencv_imgcodecs.so.405 => not found
libonnxruntime.so.1.11.1 => not found
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f1013e6a000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f1013b68000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/local/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f1013950000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f1013582000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f1013366000)
libjpeg.so.62 => /lib64/libjpeg.so.62 (0x00007f1012aef000)
libpng15.so.15 => /lib64/libpng15.so.15 (0x00007f10128c4000)
libtiff.so.5 => /lib64/libtiff.so.5 (0x00007f1012650000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f101785f000)
libjbig.so.2.0 => /lib64/libjbig.so.2.0 (0x00007f1012444000)
方法：
-
在 /etc/ld.so.conf.d 目录下创建 XXX_server.conf 文件，将该软件依赖的库路径添加进去
echo /home/user/Project/XXX_server/ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/XXX_server.conf
执行生效
ldconfig -
或者：
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/your/custom/path
或者：echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/your/custom/path/' >> ~/.bashrc
2. 利用pldd获取进程的内存映射信息，进程的依赖共享库
如下XXX即需要查询的程序名称
pldd $(ps -ef | grep XXX| grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')
[user@localhost laun]$ sudo pldd $(ps -ef | grep XXX | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')
3172: /home/user/laun/dist/XXX/XXX
linux-vdso.so.1
/lib64/libdl.so.2
/home/user/laun/dist/XXX/libz.so.1
/lib64/libpthread.so.0
/lib64/libc.so.6
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
/home/user/laun/dist/XXX/libpython3.6m.so.1.0
/lib64/libutil.so.1
/lib64/libm.so.6
/home/user/laun/dist/XXX/lib-dynload/_struct.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
/home/user/laun/dist/XXX/lib-dynload/zlib.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
...
/home/user/laun/dist/XXX/lib-dynload/_json.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
/home/user/laun/dist/XXX/markupsafe/_speedups.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
/home/user/laun/dist/XXX/lib-dynload/unicodedata.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
./XXX/libgims.so
/usr/local/lib64/libopencv_imgproc.so.405
/usr/local/lib64/libopencv_core.so.405
/usr/local/lib64/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.405
/home/user/onnxruntime-linux-x64-1.11.1/lib/libonnxruntime.so.1.11.1
/lib64/libpng15.so.15
./XXX/libgmc.so
./XXX/libgcn_label.so
./XXX/libASL_gcn_label.so
./XXX/libiisis.so
./XXX/libit_dwmp.so
./XXX/libit_dwmp2.so
./XXX/liblgbm.so
/home/user/laun/dist/XXX/gevent/_gevent_c_imap.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
/home/user/laun/dist/XXX/lib-dynload/_multiprocessing.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
3. 利用pmap工具查询未知的可执行程序的依赖库
[user@localhost dist]$ objdump -p /usr/local/php/bin/php |grep NEEDED
NEEDED libcrypt.so.1
NEEDED librt.so.1
NEEDED libmysqlclient.so.18
NEEDED libmcrypt.so.4
NEEDED libiconv.so.2
NEEDED libcurl.so.4
NEEDED libm.so.6
NEEDED libdl.so.2
NEEDED libnsl.so.1
NEEDED libxml2.so.2
NEEDED libz.so.1
NEEDED libssl.so.10
NEEDED libcrypto.so.10
NEEDED libpthread.so.0
NEEDED libc.so.6
NEEDED libresolv.so.2
4. 利用pmap查看正在运行时的进程的依赖库
[user@localhost ~/software/pldd]$ ps -ef|grep php-fpm
root 26534 1 0 2014 ? 00:01:34 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-5.3.29/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 26535 26534 0 2014 ? 00:00:04 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 26536 26534 0 2014 ? 00:00:05 php-fpm: pool www
root 30510 30324 0 00:39 pts/0 00:00:00 grep php-fpm
[user@localhost ~/software/pldd]$ pmap 26534 |head
26534: php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-5.3.29/etc/php-fpm.conf)
0000000000400000 10452K r-x-- /usr/local/php-5.3.29/sbin/php-fpm
0000000001035000 76K rw--- /usr/local/php-5.3.29/sbin/php-fpm
0000000001048000 104K rw--- [ anon ]
0000000002a65000 3448K rw--- [ anon ]
000000311c600000 388K r-x-- /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.0.1e
000000311c661000 2048K ----- /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.0.1e
000000311c861000 16K r---- /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.0.1e
000000311c865000 28K rw--- /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.0.1e
000000311ce00000 92K r-x-- /lib64/libpthread-2.12.so
5. ln 命令
-
ln(link 其实link命令的缩写) 具体使用： ln [选项] 目标文件
-
选项有如下
-s 使用软连接
-b 删除，覆盖之前建立的链接
-d 允许超级用户制作目录的硬链接
-f 强制执行
-i 交互模式，文件存在则提示用户是否覆盖
-n 把符号链接视为一般目录
-v 显示详细的处理过程
6. version GLIBCXX_3.4.20 not found 错误解决
参考：Linux 批量依赖库拷贝(ldd)
version GLIBCXX_3.4.20 not found 错误解决
libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21‘ not found
7. 使用dlopen加载动态库
https://www.cnblogs.com/0xzhang/p/14460925.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/Anker/p/3746802.html
今天的文章Linux 查看程序（动态库）、进程的依赖库的方法分享到此就结束了，感谢您的阅读。
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