【英语学习】【WOTD】adversary 释义/词源/示例

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adversary n. [AD-ver-sair-ee]

Definition

: one that contends with, opposes, or resists : an enemy or opponent
：与之对抗，反对或者抵抗的人：敌人或对手

Did You Know?

If you’ve ever had someone turn on you and become your adversary, you’ve inadvertently lived out the etymology of adversary. The word is from the Latin adjective adverāsarius (“turned toward” or “antagonistic toward”), which in turn can be traced back to the verb advertere, meaning “to turn toward.” Advertere itself derives from ad- and vertere (“to turn”), and vertere is the source of a number of English words. Along with obvious derivatives, like inadvertent and adverse, are some surprises, including anniversary, vertebra, and prose — the last of which traces back to the Latin prosus, a contraction of proversus, the past participle of provertere (“to turn forward”).

词源词根演化：ad- + vertere (“to turn”) —> advertere (v. “to turn forward”) —> adverāsarius (adj. “turned toward”) —> adversary (n.)

provertere (“to turn forward”) —> prosus (pp.) —> prose (n.)

如果你曾经被别人反对过而成为你的对手，你不经意间就找到了adversary这个单词的词源了。这个词来自于拉丁形容词adverāsarius（“转向”或者”反对”），而这个形容词有可以追溯到动词advertere，意思是”转向的动作”。advertere本身是前缀ad-与vertere（转）组合而成；vertere还为英语世界贡献了几个单词，除了常见的anniversary与vertebra，还有一个令人惊异的prose — 这个词来自于拉丁prosus，prosus是proversus的缩写式，proversus是provertere（“向前转”）的过去分词。

注：turn on you：反对你；inadvertently：不注意地，疏忽地，非故意地；live out：实践，活过，住在外面；antagonistic：对抗性的，敌对的；
inadvertent：不注意的，疏忽的；adverse：不利的，逆向的，有害的；prose：散文，单调，无聊

Examples

• Despite the fact that they have been political adversaries for years, the two state senators worked together to rally bipartisan support for the bill.

  尽管实际上这两位参议院是政治上多年的对手，但是他们一起工作来聚集两党支持这个提案。

  注：rally：重整旗鼓，恢复精神，（人）集合起来；

• “Try these strategies to engage your boss as a partner in your success rather than an adversary who’s getting in your way.”
  — Nate Regier, The Wichita Eagle, 7 Mar. 2019

  试一下这些策略，让你的老板成为你成功路上的合作伙伴而不是对手绊脚石。

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