linux批量重命名文件名_文件名的一般格式为「建议收藏」

Method 1 – Using mmv

The mmv utility is used to move, copy, append and rename files in bulk using standard wildcards in Unix-like operating systems. It is available in the default repositories of Debian-based systems. To install it on Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, run the following command:

$ sudo apt-get install mmv

Let us say, you have the following files in your current directory.

$ ls
a1.txt a2.txt a3.txt

Now you want to rename all files that starts with letter “a” to “b”. Of course, you can do this manually in few seconds. But just think if you have hundreds of files and want to rename them? It is quite time consuming process. Here is where mmv command comes in help.

To rename all files starting with letter “a” to “b”, simply run:

$ mmv a\* b\#1

Let us check if the files have been renamed or not.

$ ls
b1.txt b2.txt b3.txt

As you can see, all files starts with letter “a” (i.e a1.txt, a2.txt, a3.txt) are renamed to b1.txt, b2.txt, b3.txt.

Explanation

In the above example, the first parameter (a\*) is the ‘from’ pattern and the second parameter is ‘to’ pattern ( b\#1 ). As per the above example, mmv will look for any filenames staring with letter ‘a’ and rename the matched files according to second parameter i.e ‘to’ pattern. We use wildcards, such as ‘*’, ‘?’ and ‘[]‘, to match one or more arbitrary characters. Please be mindful that you must escape the wildcard characters, otherwise they will be expanded by the shell and mmv won’t understand them.

The ‘#1′ in the ‘to’ pattern is a wildcard index. It matches the first wildcard found in the ‘from’ pattern. A ‘#2′ in the ‘to’ pattern would match the second wildcard and so on. In our example, we have only one wildcard (the asterisk), so we write a #1. And, the hash sign should be escaped as well. Also, you can enclose the patterns with quotes too.

You can even rename all files with a certain extension to a different extension. For example, to rename all .txt files to .doc file format in the current directory, simply run:

$ mmv \*.txt \#1.doc

Here is an another example. Let us say you have the following files.

$ ls
abcd1.txt abcd2.txt abcd3.txt

You want to replace the the first occurrence of abc with xyz in all files in the current directory. How would you do?

Simple.

$ mmv '*abc*' '#1xyz#2'

Please note that in the above example, I have enclosed the patterns in single quotes.

Let us check if “abc” is actually replaced with “xyz” or not.

$ ls
xyzd1.txt xyzd2.txt xyzd3.txt

See? The files abcd1.txt, abcd2.txt, and abcd3.txt have been renamed to xyzd1.txt, xyzd2.txt, and xyzd3.txt.

Another notable feature of mmv command is you can just print output instead of renaming the files using -n option like below.

$ mmv -n a\* b\#1 
a1.txt -> b1.txt
a2.txt -> b2.txt
a3.txt -> b3.txt

This way you can simply verify what mmv command would actually do before renaming the files.

For more details, refer man pages.

$ man mmv

Method 2 – Using rename utility

The rename utility will rename given files by substituting the first occurrence of expression in their name by replacement.

The rename command comes preinstalled in most Unix-like operating systems. If it is not available by default, run the following command to install it on Debian-based systems:

$ sudo apt install rename

For instance, I have the following files in the current directory.

$ ls
abcd1.txt abcd2.txt abcd3.txt

Let us replace the the first occurrence of abc with xyz wherever found. To do so, run:

$ rename 's/abc/xyz/' *

Now, verify if the changes have been made with ls command.

$ ls
xyzd1.txt xyzd2.txt xyzd3.txt

Sometimes, you might to just print output instead of renaming the files. If so, use -n flag to display which renames would occur without performing them:

$ rename -n 's/abc/xyz/' *
rename(abcd1.txt, xyzd1.txt)
rename(abcd2.txt, xyzd2.txt)
rename(abcd3.txt, xyzd3.txt)

As you can see, the above command didn’t make any changes, instead just displays which renames would occur.

You can force renaming task even if the operation would overwrite existing files using -f flag like below.

$ rename -f 's/abc/xyz/' *

If you don’t want to overwrite the files, you can simply convert them to upper or lowercase letters (and vice versa) to prevent “already exists” errors. To convert all filenames to lower case, so:

$ rename 'y/a-z/A-Z/' *

Let us check if the changes have been made.

$ ls
ABCD1.TXT ABCD2.TXT ABCD3.TXT

Yes, the letters in the filenames have been changed from lower case to upper case.

Similarly, to convert filenames to lower case, run:

$ rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' *

We can remove all blank lines in a filename as well. For example, I have the following file.

$ ls
Clouds of Sunset.mp3

To remove all blank spaces in the above filename, run:

$ rename "s/ *//g" *

Now, the filename doesn’t have any blank spaces.

$ ls
CloudsofSunset.mp3

Replace blank spaces with underscores:

$ rename 's/\s+/_/g' *

You might want to change the file extension, but not rename the filenames. It is also possible. The following command would rename all *.txt files to *.doc.

$ rename 's/\.txt$/.doc/' *.txt

Verify the changes using ls command:

$ ls
abcd1.doc abcd2.doc abcd3.doc

To remove extension in all files matching .txt, run:

$ rename 's/\.txt$//' *.txt

For more details, refer man pages.

$ man rename

Method 3 – Using renameutils

The renameutils is a set of programs that is designed to batch renaming files and directories faster and easier. Renameutils consists of the following five programs:

1. qmv (quick move),
2. qcp (quick copy),
3. imv (interactive move),
4. icp (interactive copy),
5. deurlname (delete URL).

Installing renameutils

Renameutils is available in the default repositories of most Linux distributions. To install it on Arch-based systems, enable the community repository and run:

$ sudo pacman -Syu renameutils

On Debian-based systems:

$ sudo apt install renameutils

Now, let us see some examples.

1. qmv

The qmv program will open the filenames in a directory in your default text editor and allows you to edit them.

I have the following three files in a directory named ‘ostechnix’.

$ ls ostechnix/
abcd1.txt abcd2.txt abcd3.txt

To rename the filenames in the ‘ostechnix’ directory, simply do:

$ qmv ostechnix/

Now, change the filenames as you wish. You will see the live preview as you edit the filenames.

Alternatively, you can cd into the directory and simply run ‘qmv’.

Once you opened the files, you will see the two columns as shown in the following screenshot.

Bulk rename files using qmv

The left column side displays the source filenames and the right column displays the destination names (the output filenames that you will get after editing).

Now, rename all the output names on the right side as you wish.

Bulk rename files using qmv

After renaming filenames, save and quit the file.

Finally, you will see the following output:

Plan is valid.

abcd1.txt -> xyzd1.txt
abcd2.txt -> xyzd2.txt
abcd3.txt -> xyzd3.txt
   Regular rename

abcd1.txt -> xyzd1.txt
abcd2.txt -> xyzd2.txt
abcd3.txt -> xyzd3.txt

Now, check if the changes have actually been made using ‘ls’ command:

$ ls ostechnix/
xyzd1.txt xyzd2.txt xyzd3.txt

See? All files are renamed. Not just files, the renameutils will also rename the directory names as well.

Here is a quick video demo of qmv program:

Bulk rename files using qmv

If you don’t want to edit the filenames in dual-column format, use the following command to display the destination file column only.

$ qmv -f do ostechnix/

Where, ‘-f’ refers the format and ‘do’ refers destination-only.

Now, you will see only the destination column. That’s the column we make the changes.

Once done, save and close the file.

For more details, refer man pages.

$ man qmv

2. qcp

The qcp program works like qmv, but copies files instead of renaming them. In this case, you will get two instances of same file. That means it will keep both original and duplicate files.

$ qcp ostechnix/

Rename the filenames listed on the right side. Save and quit the file. Finally, verify the changes made using ls command:

$ ls ostechnix/
abcd1.txt abcd2.txt abcd3.txt xyzd1.txt xyzd2.txt xyzd3.txt

For more details, refer man pages.

$ man qcp

3. imv

The imv program allows us to interactively rename the filenames. Obviously, it is not for bulk renaming. You could only rename the files one by one.

$ imv ostechnix/abcd1.txt

Edit the filename as you like and hit ENTER to rename it.

For more details, refer man pages.

$ man imv

4. icp

The icp program is same as imv, but it copies the files instead of moving them.

Example:

$ icp ostechnix/abcd1.txt

For more use cases and commands, please refer man pages.

$ man icp

I don’t know why the developers added these two utilities while we can do the same using mv and cp command.

5. deurlname

The deurlname program removes URL encoded characters (such as %20 representing space) from file names. Some programs, for examples w3m, tend to keep those characters encoded in saved files. You can this tool for cleaning up the filenames you downloaded from the Internet.

Take a look the the following file.

$ ls
omg%20ponnu%20ily%20kannu.mp3

There are some special characters and numbers in the filename. If you clean it up, just run:

$ deurlname omg%20ponnu%20ily%20kannu.mp3

Now, look how the file name is changed.

$ ls
omg ponnu ily kannu.mp3

The filename is clean and readable.

Refer man pages for more details.

$ man deurlname

For more details, refer the project’s website given at the end of this guide.

Method 4 – Using vimv

As the name says, Vimv is a command line utility to bulk rename files using Vim editor. You can, of course, change the editor by changing the value of $EDITOR environment variable.

To install Vimv, git clone the repository:

$ git clone https://github.com/thameera/vimv.git

Copy the vimv binary to your $PATH, for example /usr/local/bin/.

$ sudo cp vimv/vimv /usr/local/bin/

Finally, make it executable:

$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/vimv

Now go to the directory and run the following command to edit the filenames. You will see the filenames in Vi editor. Press i to switch to interactive mode and edit the filenames as the way you edit text in Vi editor. Once done, press ESC key and type :wq to save and exit.

The files inside the directory should be renamed now. Here is a short video demo.

Bulk rename files using Vimv

For more details, refer the project’s GitHub repository given at the end of this guide.

Method 5 – Using Emacs

If you have a system with Emacs editor installed, you can do batch renaming easily by following these steps.

1. Open your Emacs editor.

2. Press Alt+x and type the following and hit ENTER to switch to wdired-mode (short for “writable directory editor mode”).

dired

3. Enter the path to the directory (E.g /home/sk/ostechnix) which contains the files to rename and hit ENTER key.

4. Then, press Ctrl+x and Ctrl+q to switch to read-write mode.

5. Now, rename the files. Once done, press Ctrl+c and Ctrl+c (two times) to save the changes. To abort the changes, press Ctrl+c and Ctrl+k.

Watch the demo video:

Bulk rename files using Emacs

See? It is very simple to rename multiple files at once.

Method 6 – Using Thunar file manager

The Thunar file manager has built-in bulk rename option by default.

Thunar is available in the default repositories of most Linux distributions.

To install it on Arch-based systems, run:

$ sudo pacman -S thunar

On RHEL, CentOS:

$ sudo yum install thunar

On Fedora:

$ sudo dnf install thunar

On openSUSE:

$ sudo zypper install thunar

On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:

$ sudo apt-get install thunar

Once installed, you can launch bulk rename utility from menu or from the application launcher. To launch it from Terminal, use the following command:

$ thunar -B

This is how bulk rename looks like.

Click the plus sign and choose the list of files you want to rename. Bulk rename can rename the name of the files, the suffix of the files or both the name and the suffix of the files. Thunar currently supports the following Bulk Renamers:

• Insert Date or Time

• Insert or Overwrite

• Numbering

• Remove Characters

• Search & Replace

• Uppercase / Lowercase

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