latex数学属于符号_数学符号△公式[通俗易懂]

latex数学属于符号_数学符号△公式[通俗易懂]本篇博文介绍一些常用的LaTeX符号,方便使用时查询

latex数学属于符号_数学符号△公式[通俗易懂]

本篇博文介绍一些常用的LaTeX符号,方便使用时查询。

1.操作符
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
± \pm ± \pm ∓ \mp \mp × \times × \times
÷ \div ÷ \div ⋅ \cdot \cdot ∗ \ast \ast
⋆ \star \star † \dagger \dagger ‡ \ddagger \ddagger
⨿ \amalg ⨿ \amalg ∩ \cap \cap ∪ \cup \cup
⊎ \uplus \uplus ⊓ \sqcap \sqcap ⊔ \sqcup \sqcup
∨ \vee \vee ∧ \wedge \wedge ⊕ \oplus \oplus
⊖ \ominus \ominus ⊗ \otimes \otimes ∘ \circ \circ
∙ \bullet \bullet ⋄ \diamond \diamond ⊲ \lhd \lhd
⊳ \rhd \rhd ⊴ \unlhd \unlhd ⊵ \unrhd \unrhd
⊘ \oslash \oslash ⊙ \odot \odot ◯ \bigcirc \bigcirc
◃ \triangleleft \triangleleft ◊ \Diamond \Diamond △ \bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup
▽ \bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown □ \Box \Box ▹ \triangleright \triangleright
$\setminus $ \setminus ≀ \wr \wr x \sqrt{x} x
\sqrt{x}
x ∘ x^{\circ} x x^{\circ} ▽ \triangledown \triangledown x n \sqrt[n]{x} nx
\sqrt[n]{x}
a x a^x ax a^x a x y z a^{xyz} axyz a^{xyz}
2.关系符
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
≤ \le \le ≥ \ge \ge ≠ \neq = \neq
∼ \sim \sim ≪ \ll \ll ≫ \gg \gg
≐ \doteq \doteq ≃ \simeq \simeq ⊂ \subset \subset
⊃ \supset \supset ≈ \approx \approx ≍ \asymp \asymp
⊆ \subseteq \subseteq ⊇ \supseteq \supseteq ≅ \cong \cong
⌣ \smile \smile ⊏ \sqsubset \sqsubset ⊐ \sqsupset \sqsupset
≡ \equiv \equiv ⌢ \frown \frown ⊑ \sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq
⊒ \sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq ∝ \propto \propto ⋈ \bowtie \bowtie
∈ \in \in ∋ \ni \ni ≺ \prec \prec
≻ \succ \succ ⊢ \vdash \vdash ⊣ \dashv \dashv
⪯ \preceq \preceq ⪰ \succeq \succeq ⊨ \models \models
⊥ \perp \perp ∥ \parallel \parallel
∣ \mid \mid ≏ \bumpeq \bumpeq \

只要将not放在符号前面或者在 \ 和单词之间插入一个 n ,就可以形成许多这些关系的否定形式,这里有一些例子,加上一些其他的否定,它也适用于许多其他的。

Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
∤ \nmid \nmid ≰ \nleq \nleq ≱ \ngeq \ngeq
≁ \nsim \nsim ≆ \ncong \ncong ∦ \nparallel \nparallel
≮ \not< < \not< ≯ \not> > \not> ≠ \not= = \not= or \neq
≰ \not\le \not\le ≱ \not\ge \not\ge ≁ \not\sim \not\sim
≉ \not \approx \not\approx ≇ \not\cong \not\cong ≢ \not\equiv \not\equiv
∦ \not\parallel \not\parallel ≮ \nless \nless ≯ \ngtr \ngtr
⪇ \lneq \lneq ⪈ \gneq \gneq ⋦ \lnsim \lnsim
≨ \lneqq \lneqq ≩ \gneqq \gneqq
3.希腊字母
小写
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
α \alpha α \alpha β \beta β \beta γ \gamma γ \gamma δ \delta δ \delta
ϵ \epsilon ϵ \epsilon ε \varepsilon ε \varepsilon ζ \zeta ζ \zeta η \eta η \eta
θ \theta θ \theta ϑ \vartheta ϑ \vartheta ι \iota ι \iota κ \kappa κ \kappa
λ \lambda λ \lambda μ \mu μ \mu ν \nu ν \nu ξ \xi ξ \xi
π \pi π \pi ϖ \varpi ϖ \varpi ρ \rho ρ \rho ϱ \varrho ϱ \varrho
σ \sigma σ \sigma ς \varsigma ς \varsigma τ \tau τ \tau υ \upsilon υ \upsilon
ϕ \phi ϕ \phi φ \varphi φ \varphi χ \chi χ \chi ψ \psi ψ \psi
ω \omega ω \omega
大写
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
Γ \Gamma Γ \Gamma Δ \Delta Δ \Delta Θ \Theta Θ \Theta Λ \Lambda Λ \Lambda
Ξ \Xi Ξ \Xi Π \Pi Π \Pi Σ \Sigma Σ \Sigma Υ \Upsilon Υ \Upsilon
Φ \Phi Φ \Phi Ψ \Psi Ψ \Psi Ω \Omega Ω \Omega ∇ \nabla \nabla
加粗

在公式中的字母加粗:

Symbol Command
m \bold m m $ \bold m $
空心字母
Symbol Command
M \mathbb{M} M $ \mathbb{M} $
R \mathbb{R} R $ \mathbb{R} $
4.箭头
Symbol Command Symbol Command
← \gets \gets → \to \to
← \leftarrow \leftarrow ⇐ \Leftarrow \Leftarrow
→ \rightarrow \rightarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow \Rightarrow
↔ \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow
↦ \mapsto \mapsto ↩ \hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow
↼ \leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup ↽ \leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown
⇌ \rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons ⟵ \longleftarrow \longleftarrow
⟸ \Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow ⟶ \longrightarrow \longrightarrow
⟹ \Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow ⟷ \longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow
⟺ \Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow ⟼ \longmapsto \longmapsto
↪ \hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow ⇀ \rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
⇁ \rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown ⇝ \leadsto \leadsto
↑ \uparrow \uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow \Uparrow
↓ \downarrow \downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow \Downarrow
↕ \updownarrow \updownarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
↗ \nearrow \nearrow ↘ \searrow \searrow
↙ \swarrow \swarrow ↖ \nwarrow \nwarrow

(对于不喜欢键入长串字母的人,\iff和\implies可以分别替代\Longleftrightarrow和\ longrighttarrow)

5.点
Symbol Command Symbol Command
⋅ \cdot \cdot ⋮ \vdots \vdots
… \dots \dots ⋱ \ddots \ddots
⋯ \cdots \cdots KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \iddots at position 1: \̲i̲d̲d̲o̲t̲s̲ \iddots
6.上标
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
x ^ \hat{x} x^ \hat{x} x ˇ \check{x} xˇ \check{x} x ˙ \dot{x} x˙ \dot{x}
x ˘ \breve{x} x˘ \breve{x} x ˊ \acute{x} xˊ \acute{x} x ¨ \ddot{x} x¨ \ddot{x}
x ˋ \grave{x} xˋ \grave{x} x ~ \tilde{x} x~ \tilde{x} x ˚ \mathring{x} x˚ \mathring{x}
x ˉ \bar{x} xˉ \bar{x} x ⃗ \vec{x} x
\vec{x}

当对i和j应用上标时,可以使用\imath和\jmath来防止点干扰上标:

Symbol Command Symbol Command
ȷ ⃗ \vec{\jmath} ȷ
\vec{\jmath} ı ~ \tilde{\imath} ı~ \tilde{\imath}

\tilde和\hat有很宽的版本,可以让你强调一个表达:

Symbol Command Symbol Command
7 + x ^ \widehat{7+x} 7+x
\widehat{7+x} a b c ~ \widetilde{abc} abc
\widetilde{abc}
7.其他
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
∞ \infty \infty △ \triangle \triangle ∠ \angle \angle
ℵ \aleph \aleph ℏ \hbar \hbar ı \imath ı \imath
ȷ \jmath ȷ \jmath ℓ \ell \ell ℘ \wp \wp
ℜ \Re \Re ℑ \Im \Im ℧ \mho \mho
′ \prime \prime ∅ \emptyset \emptyset ∇ \nabla \nabla
√ \surd \surd ∂ \partial \partial ⊤ \top \top
⊥ \bot \bot ⊢ \vdash \vdash ⊣ \dashv \dashv
∀ \forall \forall ∃ \exists \exists ¬ \neg ¬ \neg
♭ \flat \flat ♮ \natural \natural ♯ \sharp \sharp
\ \backslash \ \backslash □ \Box \Box ◊ \Diamond \Diamond
♣ \clubsuit \clubsuit ♢ \diamondsuit \diamondsuit ♡ \heartsuit \heartsuit
♠ \spadesuit \spadesuit ⋈ \Join \Join ■ \blacksquare \blacksquare
✓ \checkmark \checkmark R \mathbb{R} R \mathbb{R} © \copyright c \copyright
£ \pounds £ \pounds □ \square \square ∪ \cup \cup
★ \bigstar \bigstar ∈ \in \in
8.命令符

有些符号用于命令中,因此需要以特殊的方式处理它们。

Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
\ \backslash \ \backslash & \& & \& % \% % \% # \# # \#
_ \_ _ \_ { \{ {
\{
} \} } \}

您可能会注意到,如果使用其中任何一个来排版垂直较大的表达式,比如

(\frac{a}{x} )^2
得到的表达式的括号的大小不对
( a x ) 2 (\frac{a} {x} )^2 (xa)2

如果我们把\left和\right放在相关的括号前,我们会得到一个更漂亮的表达式:
\left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2 会得到
( a x ) 2 \left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2 (xa)2

9.跨行或跨列的符号:
symbol command
{ x + y = 3 2 x + y = 5 \left\{\begin{array}{l}x+y=3\\2x+y=5\end{array}\right. {
x+y=32x+y=5
\left{\begin{array}{l}x+y=3\2x+y=5\end{array}\right.
⌈ x y ⌉ \left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil yx \left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil
⌊ x y ⌋ \left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor yx \left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor
a 0 + a 1 + a 2 + ⋯ + a n ⏟ x \underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x} x


a0+a1+a2++an
\underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x}
a 0 + a 1 + a 2 + ⋯ + a n ⏞ x \overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x} a0+a1+a2++an


x
\overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x}
arg ⁡ m a x 1 ≤ k ≤ n λ k λ k + 1 \arg \underset{1\leq k \leq n} {max} \frac{\lambda_k}{\lambda_{k+1}} arg1knmaxλk+1λk \arg \underset{1\leq k \leq n} {max} \frac{\lambda_k}{\lambda_{k+1}}

\left和\right也可以用来调整下列符号的大小:

Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
↑ \uparrow \uparrow ↓ \downarrow \downarrow ↕ \updownarrow \updownarrow
⇑ \Uparrow \Uparrow ⇓ \Downarrow \Downarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
∑ \sum \sum ∫ \int \int ∮ \oint \oint
∏ \prod \prod ∐ \coprod \coprod ⋂ \bigcap \bigcap
⋃ \bigcup \bigcup ⨆ \bigsqcup \bigsqcup ⋁ \bigvee \bigvee
⋀ \bigwedge \bigwedge ⨀ \bigodot \bigodot ⨂ \bigotimes \bigotimes
⨁ \bigoplus \bigoplus ⨄ \biguplus \biguplus
换行符号 ’ \\’ 与空格符号’\quad’
Symbol Command
a = 1 b = 2 a=1\\b=2 a=1b=2 $ a=1 \\ b=2 $
a b a \qquad b ab $ a \qquad b $
a b a \quad b ab $ a \quad b $
a   b a \ b a b $ a\ b $
a    b a \; b ab $ a; b $
a   b a \, b ab $ a\ b $
a b ab ab $ ab $
a  ⁣ b a \! b ab $ a! b $

参考:
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/LaTeX:Symbols
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/LaTeX:Commands

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