安装HTMLTestRunner

1、什么是HTMLTestRunner？
HTMLTestRunner是一个第三方的unittest HTML报告库，由于unittest能够输出txt格式的文本执行报告，但文本报告太过简陋，是不是想要更加高大上的HTML报告？但unittest自己可没有带HTML报告，我们只能求助于外部的库了——HTMLTestRunner.py。

2、安装HTMLTestRunner
HTMLTestRunner是Python标准库的unittest模块的扩展，无法通过pip安装。
正确操作姿势为：将以下代码（该代码仅支持python3）放入python文件的Lib目录下，并命名为HTMLTestRunner.py，如图

""" A TestRunner for use with the Python unit testing framework. It generates a HTML report to show the result at a glance. The simplest way to use this is to invoke its main method. E.g. import unittest import HTMLTestRunner ... define your tests ... if __name__ == '__main__': HTMLTestRunner.main() For more customization options, instantiates a HTMLTestRunner object. HTMLTestRunner is a counterpart to unittest's TextTestRunner. E.g. # output to a file fp = file('my_report.html', 'wb') runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner( stream=fp, title='My unit test', description='This demonstrates the report output by HTMLTestRunner.' ) # Use an external stylesheet. # See the Template_mixin class for more customizable options runner.STYLESHEET_TMPL = '<link rel="stylesheet" href="my_stylesheet.css" type="text/css">' # run the test runner.run(my_test_suite) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Copyright (c) 2004-2007, Wai Yip Tung All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name Wai Yip Tung nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. """

# URL: http://tungwaiyip.info/software/HTMLTestRunner.html

__author__ = "Wai Yip Tung"
__version__ = "0.8.2"


""" Change History Version 0.8.2 * Show output inline instead of popup window (Viorel Lupu). Version in 0.8.1 * Validated XHTML (Wolfgang Borgert). * Added description of test classes and test cases. Version in 0.8.0 * Define Template_mixin class for customization. * Workaround a IE 6 bug that it does not treat <script> block as CDATA. Version in 0.7.1 * Back port to Python 2.3 (Frank Horowitz). * Fix missing scroll bars in detail log (Podi). """

# TODO: color stderr
# TODO: simplify javascript using ,ore than 1 class in the class attribute?

import datetime
#2.7版本为 import StringIO
import io
import sys
import time
import unittest
from xml.sax import saxutils


# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The redirectors below are used to capture output during testing. Output
# sent to sys.stdout and sys.stderr are automatically captured. However
# in some cases sys.stdout is already cached before HTMLTestRunner is
# invoked (e.g. calling logging.basicConfig). In order to capture those
# output, use the redirectors for the cached stream.
#
# e.g.
# >>> logging.basicConfig(stream=HTMLTestRunner.stdout_redirector)
# >>>

class OutputRedirector(object):
    """ Wrapper to redirect stdout or stderr """
    def __init__(self, fp):
        self.fp = fp

    def write(self, s):
        self.fp.write(s)

    def writelines(self, lines):
        self.fp.writelines(lines)

    def flush(self):
        self.fp.flush()

stdout_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stdout)
stderr_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stderr)



# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Template

class Template_mixin(object):
    """ Define a HTML template for report customerization and generation. Overall structure of an HTML report HTML +------------------------+ |<html> | | <head> | | | | STYLESHEET | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | </head> | | | | <body> | | | | HEADING | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | REPORT | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | ENDING | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | </body> | |</html> | +------------------------+ """

    STATUS = { 
   
    0: 'pass',
    1: 'fail',
    2: 'error',
    }

    DEFAULT_TITLE = 'Unit Test Report'
    DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = ''

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # HTML Template

    HTML_TMPL = r"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>%(title)s</title> <meta name="generator" content="%(generator)s"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> %(stylesheet)s </head> <body> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"><!-- output_list = Array(); /* level - 0:Summary; 1:Failed; 2:All */ function showCase(level) { trs = document.getElementsByTagName("tr"); for (var i = 0; i < trs.length; i++) { tr = trs[i]; id = tr.id; if (id.substr(0,2) == 'ft') { if (level < 1) { tr.className = 'hiddenRow'; } else { tr.className = ''; } } if (id.substr(0,2) == 'pt') { if (level > 1) { tr.className = ''; } else { tr.className = 'hiddenRow'; } } } } function showClassDetail(cid, count) { var id_list = Array(count); var toHide = 1; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) { tid0 = 't' + cid.substr(1) + '.' + (i+1); tid = 'f' + tid0; tr = document.getElementById(tid); if (!tr) { tid = 'p' + tid0; tr = document.getElementById(tid); } id_list[i] = tid; if (tr.className) { toHide = 0; } } for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) { tid = id_list[i]; if (toHide) { document.getElementById('div_'+tid).style.display = 'none' document.getElementById(tid).className = 'hiddenRow'; } else { document.getElementById(tid).className = ''; } } } function showTestDetail(div_id){ var details_div = document.getElementById(div_id) var displayState = details_div.style.display // alert(displayState) if (displayState != 'block' ) { displayState = 'block' details_div.style.display = 'block' } else { details_div.style.display = 'none' } } function html_escape(s) { s = s.replace(/&/g,'&'); s = s.replace(/</g,'<'); s = s.replace(/>/g,'>'); return s; } /* obsoleted by detail in <div> function showOutput(id, name) { var w = window.open("", //url name, "resizable,scrollbars,status,width=800,height=450"); d = w.document; d.write("<pre>"); d.write(html_escape(output_list[id])); d.write("\n"); d.write("<a href='javascript:window.close()'>close</a>\n"); d.write("</pre>\n"); d.close(); } */ --></script> %(heading)s %(report)s %(ending)s </body> </html> """
    # variables: (title, generator, stylesheet, heading, report, ending)


    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Stylesheet
    #
    # alternatively use a <link> for external style sheet, e.g.
    # <link rel="stylesheet" href="$url" type="text/css">

    STYLESHEET_TMPL = """ <style type="text/css" media="screen"> body { font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 80%; } table { font-size: 100%; } pre { } /* -- heading ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ h1 { font-size: 16pt; color: gray; } .heading { margin-top: 0ex; margin-bottom: 1ex; } .heading .attribute { margin-top: 1ex; margin-bottom: 0; } .heading .description { margin-top: 4ex; margin-bottom: 6ex; } /* -- css div popup ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ a.popup_link { } a.popup_link:hover { color: red; } .popup_window { display: none; position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; /*border: solid #627173 1px; */ padding: 10px; background-color: #E6E6D6; font-family: "Lucida Console", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; text-align: left; font-size: 8pt; width: 500px; } } /* -- report ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ #show_detail_line { margin-top: 3ex; margin-bottom: 1ex; } #result_table { width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #777; } #header_row { font-weight: bold; color: white; background-color: #777; } #result_table td { border: 1px solid #777; padding: 2px; } #total_row { font-weight: bold; } .passClass { background-color: #6c6; } .failClass { background-color: #c60; } .errorClass { background-color: #c00; } .passCase { color: #6c6; } .failCase { color: #c60; font-weight: bold; } .errorCase { color: #c00; font-weight: bold; } .hiddenRow { display: none; } .testcase { margin-left: 2em; } /* -- ending ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ #ending { } </style> """



    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Heading
    #

    HEADING_TMPL = """<div class='heading'> <h1>%(title)s</h1> %(parameters)s <p class='description'>%(description)s</p> </div> """ # variables: (title, parameters, description)

    HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL = """<p class='attribute'><strong>%(name)s:</strong> %(value)s</p> """ # variables: (name, value)



    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Report
    #

    REPORT_TMPL = """ <p id='show_detail_line'>Show <a href='javascript:showCase(0)'>Summary</a> <a href='javascript:showCase(1)'>Failed</a> <a href='javascript:showCase(2)'>All</a> </p> <table id='result_table'> <colgroup> <col align='left' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> </colgroup> <tr id='header_row'> <td>Test Group/Test case</td> <td>Count</td> <td>Pass</td> <td>Fail</td> <td>Error</td> <td>View</td> </tr> %(test_list)s <tr id='total_row'> <td>Total</td> <td>%(count)s</td> <td>%(Pass)s</td> <td>%(fail)s</td> <td>%(error)s</td> <td> </td> </tr> </table> """ # variables: (test_list, count, Pass, fail, error)

    REPORT_CLASS_TMPL = r""" <tr class='%(style)s'> <td>%(desc)s</td> <td>%(count)s</td> <td>%(Pass)s</td> <td>%(fail)s</td> <td>%(error)s</td> <td><a href="javascript:showClassDetail('%(cid)s',%(count)s)">Detail</a></td> </tr> """ # variables: (style, desc, count, Pass, fail, error, cid)


    REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL = r""" <tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'> <td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td> <td colspan='5' align='center'> <!--css div popup start--> <a class="popup_link" οnfοcus='this.blur();' href="javascript:showTestDetail('div_%(tid)s')" > %(status)s</a> <div id='div_%(tid)s' class="popup_window"> <div style='text-align: right; color:red;cursor:pointer'> <a οnfοcus='this.blur();' οnclick="document.getElementById('div_%(tid)s').style.display = 'none' " > [x]</a> </div> <pre> %(script)s </pre> </div> <!--css div popup end--> </td> </tr> """ # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)


    REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL = r""" <tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'> <td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td> <td colspan='5' align='center'>%(status)s</td> </tr> """ # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)


    REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL = r""" %(id)s: %(output)s """ # variables: (id, output)



    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # ENDING
    #

    ENDING_TMPL = """<div id='ending'> </div>"""

# -------------------- The end of the Template class -------------------


TestResult = unittest.TestResult

class _TestResult(TestResult):
    # note: _TestResult is a pure representation of results.
    # It lacks the output and reporting ability compares to unittest._TextTestResult.

    def __init__(self, verbosity=1):
        TestResult.__init__(self)
        self.stdout0 = None
        self.stderr0 = None
        self.success_count = 0
        self.failure_count = 0
        self.error_count = 0
        self.verbosity = verbosity

        # result is a list of result in 4 tuple
        # (
        # result code (0: success; 1: fail; 2: error),
        # TestCase object,
        # Test output (byte string),
        # stack trace,
        # )
        self.result = []


    def startTest(self, test):
        TestResult.startTest(self, test)
        # just one buffer for both stdout and stderr
        # 2.7版本为 self.outputBuffer = StringIO.StringIO()
        self.outputBuffer = io.StringIO()
        stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
        stderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
        self.stdout0 = sys.stdout
        self.stderr0 = sys.stderr
        sys.stdout = stdout_redirector
        sys.stderr = stderr_redirector


    def complete_output(self):
        """ Disconnect output redirection and return buffer. Safe to call multiple times. """
        if self.stdout0:
            sys.stdout = self.stdout0
            sys.stderr = self.stderr0
            self.stdout0 = None
            self.stderr0 = None
        return self.outputBuffer.getvalue()


    def stopTest(self, test):
        # Usually one of addSuccess, addError or addFailure would have been called.
        # But there are some path in unittest that would bypass this.
        # We must disconnect stdout in stopTest(), which is guaranteed to be called.
        self.complete_output()


    def addSuccess(self, test):
        self.success_count += 1
        TestResult.addSuccess(self, test)
        output = self.complete_output()
        self.result.append((0, test, output, ''))
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('ok ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('\n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('.')

    def addError(self, test, err):
        self.error_count += 1
        TestResult.addError(self, test, err)
        _, _exc_str = self.errors[-1]
        output = self.complete_output()
        self.result.append((2, test, output, _exc_str))
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('E ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('\n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('E')

    def addFailure(self, test, err):
        self.failure_count += 1
        TestResult.addFailure(self, test, err)
        _, _exc_str = self.failures[-1]
        output = self.complete_output()
        self.result.append((1, test, output, _exc_str))
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('F ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('\n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('F')


class HTMLTestRunner(Template_mixin):
    """ """
    def __init__(self, stream=sys.stdout, verbosity=1, title=None, description=None):
        self.stream = stream
        self.verbosity = verbosity
        if title is None:
            self.title = self.DEFAULT_TITLE
        else:
            self.title = title
        if description is None:
            self.description = self.DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION
        else:
            self.description = description

        self.startTime = datetime.datetime.now()


    def run(self, test):
        "Run the given test case or test suite."
        result = _TestResult(self.verbosity)
        test(result)
        self.stopTime = datetime.datetime.now()
        self.generateReport(test, result)
        print(sys.stderr,'\nTime Elapsed=%s' %(self.stopTime-self.startTime))
        #2.7版本 print >>sys.stderr, '\nTime Elapsed: %s' % (self.stopTime-self.startTime)
        return result



    def sortResult(self, result_list):
        # unittest does not seems to run in any particular order.
        # Here at least we want to group them together by class.
        rmap = { 
   }
        classes = []
        for n,t,o,e in result_list:
            cls = t.__class__
            # 2.7版本 if not rmap.has_key(cls)
            if not cls in rmap:
                rmap[cls] = []
                classes.append(cls)
            rmap[cls].append((n,t,o,e))
        r = [(cls, rmap[cls]) for cls in classes]
        return r


    def getReportAttributes(self, result):
        """ Return report attributes as a list of (name, value). Override this to add custom attributes. """
        startTime = str(self.startTime)[:19]
        duration = str(self.stopTime - self.startTime)
        status = []
        if result.success_count: status.append('Pass %s'    % result.success_count)
        if result.failure_count: status.append('Failure %s' % result.failure_count)
        if result.error_count:   status.append('Error %s'   % result.error_count  )
        if status:
            status = ' '.join(status)
        else:
            status = 'none'
        return [
            ('Start Time', startTime),
            ('Duration', duration),
            ('Status', status),
        ]


    def generateReport(self, test, result):
        report_attrs = self.getReportAttributes(result)
        generator = 'HTMLTestRunner %s' % __version__
        stylesheet = self._generate_stylesheet()
        heading = self._generate_heading(report_attrs)
        report = self._generate_report(result)
        ending = self._generate_ending()
        output = self.HTML_TMPL % dict(
            title = saxutils.escape(self.title),
            generator = generator,
            stylesheet = stylesheet,
            heading = heading,
            report = report,
            ending = ending,
        )
        self.stream.write(output.encode('utf8'))


    def _generate_stylesheet(self):
        return self.STYLESHEET_TMPL


    def _generate_heading(self, report_attrs):
        a_lines = []
        for name, value in report_attrs:
            line = self.HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL % dict(
                    name = saxutils.escape(name),
                    value = saxutils.escape(value),
                )
            a_lines.append(line)
        heading = self.HEADING_TMPL % dict(
            title = saxutils.escape(self.title),
            parameters = ''.join(a_lines),
            description = saxutils.escape(self.description),
        )
        return heading


    def _generate_report(self, result):
        rows = []
        sortedResult = self.sortResult(result.result)
        for cid, (cls, cls_results) in enumerate(sortedResult):
            # subtotal for a class
            np = nf = ne = 0
            for n,t,o,e in cls_results:
                if n == 0: np += 1
                elif n == 1: nf += 1
                else: ne += 1

            # format class description
            if cls.__module__ == "__main__":
                name = cls.__name__
            else:
                name = "%s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
            doc = cls.__doc__ and cls.__doc__.split("\n")[0] or ""
            desc = doc and '%s: %s' % (name, doc) or name

            row = self.REPORT_CLASS_TMPL % dict(
                style = ne > 0 and 'errorClass' or nf > 0 and 'failClass' or 'passClass',
                desc = desc,
                count = np+nf+ne,
                Pass = np,
                fail = nf,
                error = ne,
                cid = 'c%s' % (cid+1),
            )
            rows.append(row)

            for tid, (n,t,o,e) in enumerate(cls_results):
                self._generate_report_test(rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e)

        report = self.REPORT_TMPL % dict(
            test_list = ''.join(rows),
            count = str(result.success_count+result.failure_count+result.error_count),
            Pass = str(result.success_count),
            fail = str(result.failure_count),
            error = str(result.error_count),
        )
        return report


    def _generate_report_test(self, rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e):
        # e.g. 'pt1.1', 'ft1.1', etc
        has_output = bool(o or e)
        tid = (n == 0 and 'p' or 'f') + 't%s.%s' % (cid+1,tid+1)
        name = t.id().split('.')[-1]
        doc = t.shortDescription() or ""
        desc = doc and ('%s: %s' % (name, doc)) or name
        tmpl = has_output and self.REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL or self.REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL

        # o and e should be byte string because they are collected from stdout and stderr?
        if isinstance(o,str):
            uo = e
            # TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape \n and mess up formating
            # uo = unicode(o.encode('string_escape'))
            # 2.7版本uo = o.decode('latin-1')
        else:
            uo = o
        if isinstance(e,str):
            ue = e
            # TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape \n and mess up formating
            # ue = unicode(e.encode('string_escape'))
            # 2.7 版本 ue = e.decode('latin-1')

        else:
            ue = e

        script = self.REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL % dict(
            id = tid,
            output = saxutils.escape(uo+ue),
        )

        row = tmpl % dict(
            tid = tid,
            Class = (n == 0 and 'hiddenRow' or 'none'),
            style = n == 2 and 'errorCase' or (n == 1 and 'failCase' or 'none'),
            desc = desc,
            script = script,
            status = self.STATUS[n],
        )
        rows.append(row)
        if not has_output:
            return

    def _generate_ending(self):
        return self.ENDING_TMPL


##############################################################################
# Facilities for running tests from the command line
##############################################################################

# Note: Reuse unittest.TestProgram to launch test. In the future we may
# build our own launcher to support more specific command line
# parameters like test title, CSS, etc.
class TestProgram(unittest.TestProgram):
    """ A variation of the unittest.TestProgram. Please refer to the base class for command line parameters. """
    def runTests(self):
        # Pick HTMLTestRunner as the default test runner.
        # base class's testRunner parameter is not useful because it means
        # we have to instantiate HTMLTestRunner before we know self.verbosity.
        if self.testRunner is None:
            self.testRunner = HTMLTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)
        unittest.TestProgram.runTests(self)

main = TestProgram

##############################################################################
# Executing this module from the command line
##############################################################################

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(module=None)

3、检查是否安装成功
在cmd中输入python，输入import HTMLTestRunner，无报错则安装成功

今天的文章安装HTMLTestRunner分享到此就结束了，感谢您的阅读。