半助动词的用法_助动词的用法总结

半助动词的用法_助动词的用法总结本篇文章仅是个人理解,可能不是很正确,还需后续修正补充

半助动词的用法_助动词的用法总结

本篇文章仅是个人理解,可能不是很正确,还需后续修正补充。

1 半助动词概念

半助动词在功能上介于主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词。

  • (1) 半助动词充当情态动词。协助主动词。后接动词原型。
  • (2) 半助动词充当主动词。具有时态和语态,每一个半助动词只能表示一种时态,一种语态。后接省略to的动词不定式或名词。

2 半助动词有哪些?

半助动词分四类:

  • (1) be 型
  • (2) have 型
  • (3) seem 型
  • (4) 特殊的

2.1 be 型

一般be + 形容词/介词 + to

be + 形容词 + to

eg:

  • be able to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • An open-minded person is able to adapt to new conditions.
        一个开明的人能够适应新情况。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • He should be able to lead a perfectly normal life.
        他应该能够过上完全正常的生活。
  • be going to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • He is going to recite a poem.
        他将要朗诵一首诗。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • I’ll be going to London for a few days.
        我要去伦敦去待几天。
  • be likely to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • He is likely to let you down.
        他可能使你失望。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • We’ll be likely to hire several people this month.
        这个月我们很有可能雇佣一些人
  • be meant to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • Beaujolais is meant to be a really good wine.
        博若莱葡萄酒是公认的佳酿。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • You must be meant to play the piano.
        你一定注定就是要弹钢琴。
  • be obliged to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • Every clause is obliged to obtain a finite verb.
        每个句子必须包括一个限定动词。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • I shall be obliged to go tomorrow.
        明天我不得不去。
  • be supposed to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • The price is supposed to be marked on the shelf
        价格应该标在货架上。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • Our country should be supposed to take this law as the main basis to response to the thunderbolt.
        我国应对突发事件就应该以该法为主要依据。
  • be willing to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • He is willing to wait.
        他情愿等待。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • Few firms will be willing to gamble on new products .
        很少有公司愿意冒险开发新产品。

be + 介词 + to

  • be about to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • We were about to start when it rained.
        下雨时,我们即将出发。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • new era seemed to be about to dawn for the coach and his young team
        对于那名教练和他的年轻球队来说,一个崭新的时代似乎即将到来。
  • be due to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • President Bush is due to visit the country next month.
        布什总统定于下月访问该国
    • (2) 作主动词
      • The results could simply be due to chance.
        这结果可能纯属意外。

2.2 have 型

eg:

  • have to
    • (1) 作为情态动词
      • The boy has to make a living by begging.
        男孩不得不通过乞讨维持生计。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • You’ll have to move ─ you’re in my way.
        你得挪一挪,你挡了我的路。
  • have got to
    • (1) 作为情态动词
      • They have got to abide by the rules.
        他们必须遵守规则。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • They will have got to Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
        明天这个时候他们就已经到上海了
  • had better
    • (1) 作为情态动词
      • I had better give a few particulars about myself.
        我最好还是详细讲一下我自己的情况。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • pass

2.3 seem 型

eg:

  • seem to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • He seems to be very disappointed.
        他好像非常失望。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • Nobody here can seem to find you.
        似乎没有人找得到你
  • appear to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • The Democrats now appear to be in the lead.
        现在看来好像民主党人占优势。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • Time would appear to be the significant factor in this whole drama.
        时间似乎是整部剧中一个举足轻重的因素。
  • come to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • We come to the crux of the matter.
        现在我们来谈问题的症结。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • his hard work should come to nothing.
        他的所有辛勤劳动竟全部付诸东流。
  • fail to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • I fail to see the logic behind his argument.
        我不明白支持他论据的是什么逻辑
    • (2) 作主动词
      • The song can’t fail to be a hit.
        这首歌不可能不流行起来。
  • get to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • pass
    • (2) 作主动词
      • We have to get to the root of the problem.
        我们必须找到问题的根源。
  • happen to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • I happen to have the official statistics with me.
        我身边恰好有官方的统计数字。
    • (2) 作主动词
      • That would happen to us if we left the country.
        如果我们出国时,也会这样。
  • tend to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • People tend to work hard at this stage of life.
        人在这个人生阶段往往发奋努力
    • (2) 作主动词
      • I can’t tend to them both alone.
        我一个人照料不了两家。
  • turn out to
    • (1) 作情态动词
      • pass
    • (2) 作主动词
      • Even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
        即使是最好的理论最终也可能是错的。

2.4 补充

半助动词在用法上是介于主动词和助动词之间的一类词,表达情态意义,后接动词原形,却可以加助动词。一般末尾带to 的是半助动词,但并不是所有带to的都是半助动词,如look forward to,want to等词就不是半助动词。

3 半助动词特殊用法

3.1 be + adj + to 的半助动词的特殊用法

3.1.1 It…that-分句

带有半助动词作为动词词组的组成部分的句子,有的可以转换为“ It…that-分句”结构,而有的却不可以。从这个角度看,半助动词可分为两类:一类是可以作上述转换的,其中包括be cer-tain to,be(un)likely to,appear to,happen to,seem to等。例如:

They are certain to win the game.他们肯定会在比赛中获胜。
→It is certain that they will win the game.

He is likely to let you down.他可能使你失望。
→It is likely that he will let you down.

He appears to have many friends.看来他有许多朋友。
→It appears that he has many friends.

He seems to be enjoying himself.看来他玩得很快活。
→It seems that he is enjoying himself.

I happen to have had some nasty experiences in dealing with him.
我恰巧有过一些和他打交道的不愉快的经历。
→It happens that I have had some nasty experiences in deal-ing with him.

Some members of the committee seem to have been bribed.
委员会的一些成员看来是受了贿赂。
→It seems that some members of the committee have been bribed.

另一类半助动词不可以作上述转换,这一类包括be about to,be bound to,be going to,be to,had better,have to,have got to,tend to 等。

3.1.2 there

凡是能够作上述句型转换的半助动词,在there-存在句中,也可作类似的转换。
我们再从相反的方向来看这种转换关系:

It is likely that there’ll be a large audience.
→There is likely to be a large audience.

It is certain that there is trouble at the factory.
→There is certain to be trouble at the factory.

It seems that there’s a widespread change of attitude.
→There seeme to be a widespread change of attitude.

It appears that there’s no doubt about it.
→There appers to be no doubt about it.

3.3 口语中半助动词的省略式

在结束本节以前,还要提一下半助动词的省略式问题。在口语中,had better,have got to和be going to有时可用省略式。例如:

You(’d) better go now.你最好现在就去。

You(’ve)just got to help me.你得帮帮我呀。

Where(are) you going to get the money from?
你准备从哪儿去弄这笔钱?

今天的文章半助动词的用法_助动词的用法总结分享到此就结束了,感谢您的阅读。

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