在开始本篇文章之前,我们先看一段代码:
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int expendSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(Integer.MAX_VALUE >> 2, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, expendSpec);
}
是不是很熟悉,没错,它就是我们在 ScrollView 嵌套 ListView 的时候,重写 ListView 来处理 ListView 数据显示不全的问题,那么为什么要这么写呢,而 MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(Integer.MAX_VALUE >> 2, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) 又是什么意思呢,别着急,重头戏马上到来。
1. MeasureSpec 是干什么的
2. MeasureSpec 的原理
MeasureSpec 代表一个32为的 int 值,高两位是 SpecMode,低30位是 SpecSize,SpecMode 是指测量模式,而 SpecMode 是指在某种测量模式下的规格大小,下面先看下 MeasureSpec 内部的一些常量的定义,通过下面的代码,应该不难理解 MeasureSpec 的工作原理:
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
/** @hide */
@IntDef({UNSPECIFIED, EXACTLY, AT_MOST})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface MeasureSpecMode {}
/**
* Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
* on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
*/
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
* for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
* of how big it wants to be.
*/
public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
* to the specified size.
*/
public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Creates a measure specification based on the supplied size and mode.
*
* The mode must always be one of the following:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED}</li>
* <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}</li>
* <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p><strong>Note:</strong> On API level 17 and lower, makeMeasureSpec's
* implementation was such that the order of arguments did not matter
* and overflow in either value could impact the resulting MeasureSpec.
* {@link android.widget.RelativeLayout} was affected by this bug.
* Apps targeting API levels greater than 17 will get the fixed, more strict
* behavior.</p>
*
* @param size the size of the measure specification
* @param mode the mode of the measure specification
* @return the measure specification based on size and mode
*/
public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
@MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
return size + mode;
} else {
return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
}
}
/**
* Like {@link #makeMeasureSpec(int, int)}, but any spec with a mode of UNSPECIFIED
* will automatically get a size of 0. Older apps expect this.
*
* @hide internal use only for compatibility with system widgets and older apps
*/
public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
return 0;
}
return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
}
/**
* Extracts the mode from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the mode from
* @return {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED},
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST} or
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
*/
@MeasureSpecMode
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
//noinspection ResourceType
return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}
/**
* Extracts the size from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the size from
* @return the size in pixels defined in the supplied measure specification
*/
public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}
MeasureSpec 通过将 SpecMode 和 SpecSize 打包成一个 int 值来避免过多的对象内存分配,为了方便操作,其提供了打包和解包的方法。SpecMode 和 SpecSize 也是一个 int 值,一组 SpecMode 和 SpecSize 可以打包成一个 MeasureSpec,而一个 MeasureSpec 可以通过解包的方法来得出原始的 SpecMode 和 SpecSize,需要注意的是这里提到的 MeasureSpec 是值 MeasureSpec 所代表的 int 值,而并非 MeasureSpec 本身。
3. MeasureSpec 的三种模式
(1)UNSPECIFIEND
父容易不对 View 有任何影响,要多大给多大,这种情况一般用于系统内部,表示一种测量模式(我也不是太懂,有懂的大佬指点下)
(2)EXACTLY
父容器已经检测出 View 所需要的精确大小,这个时候 View 的最终大小就是 MeasureSpec 所指定的值,它对应于 LayoutParams 的 match_parent 和具体的数值两种模式。(如果是重写控件,慎用该模式,不然你会发现一件很神奇的事情,想知道的可以自己动手试试)
(3)AT_MOST
父容器指定一个大小即 SpecSize,View 的大小不能大于这个值,具体是什么值要看不同 View 的具体实现,它对应于 LayoutParams 的warp_content。
4.MeasureSpec 和 LayoutParams 对应关系
childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width);
childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
接着再看一下 getRootMeasureSpec 方法实现:
/**
* Figures out the measure spec for the root view in a window based on it's
* layout params.
*
* @param windowSize
* The available width or height of the window
*
* @param rootDimension
* The layout params for one dimension (width or height) of the
* window.
*
* @return The measure spec to use to measure the root view.
*/
private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
int measureSpec;
switch (rootDimension) {
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
// Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
// Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
break;
default:
// Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
}
return measureSpec;
}
根据上述代码, DecorView 的 MeasureSpec 的产生过程就很明了了,具体来说遵守如下规则,根据它的 LayoutParams 中的宽高的参数来划分:
// Note: padding has already been removed from the supplied specs
private void measureChildWithMargins2(View child, int parentWidthSpec, int parentHeightSpec,
int childWidth, int childHeight) {
int childWidthSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthSpec,
getTotalMargin(child, true), childWidth);
int childHeightSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightSpec,
getTotalMargin(child, false), childHeight);
child.measure(childWidthSpec, childHeightSpec);
}
上述方法会对子元素进行 measure,在调用子元素的 measure 方法之前会先调通过 getChildMeasureSpec 的创建与父容器的 MeasureSpec 和子元素本身的 LayoutParams 有关,此外还和 View 的 margins 及 padding 有关,具体情况可以看一下 ViewGroup 的 getChildMeasureSpec 方法,如下所示:
/**
* Does the hard part of measureChildren: figuring out the MeasureSpec to
* pass to a particular child. This method figures out the right MeasureSpec
* for one dimension (height or width) of one child view.
*
* The goal is to combine information from our MeasureSpec with the
* LayoutParams of the child to get the best possible results. For example,
* if the this view knows its size (because its MeasureSpec has a mode of
* EXACTLY), and the child has indicated in its LayoutParams that it wants
* to be the same size as the parent, the parent should ask the child to
* layout given an exact size.
*
* @param spec The requirements for this view
* @param padding The padding of this view for the current dimension and
* margins, if applicable
* @param childDimension How big the child wants to be in the current
* dimension
* @return a MeasureSpec integer for the child
*/
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
//noinspection ResourceType
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
上述方法不难理解,它的主要作用是根据父容器的 MeasureSpec 同时结合 View 本身的 LayoutParams 来确定子元素的 MeasureSpec ,参数中的 padding 是指父容器中已经占用的空间大小,因此子元素可用的大小为父容器的尺寸减去 padding ,具体代码如下:
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
getChildMeasureSpec 清楚展示了普通 View 的 MeasureSpec 的创建规则。这个整个过程正好对应了文章开头那个表格,然后咱们再回来看下这个表格:
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